A Feasibility Study on Introducing Fuel Cell Two-Wheeler Technologies Into Shanghai Market , Shanghai University of Transportation
This study explores Shanghai\'s development of fuel cell technology for two-wheel vehicles and its economic and policy-related feasibliity. The report also discusses the current position of two-wheel vehicles in urban transportation systems within China.
www.efchina.org/documents/CSEPBrochureCN.pdf - March 1, 2004

A Basic Analysis on the Poverty Problem in China , Kiminami, Lily Y.
This paper discusses the poverty problem in China in terms of recognition of the poverty situation, cause of poverty and counter-poverty policies. As for recognitionof the poverty situation, concepts of poverty and its various estimatingmethods are surveyed, and related opinions are summarized. In terms of causes of poverty, statistical and empirical analyses are conducted for rural and urban areas, respectively, causes of poverty are specified, and necessary counter-poverty measures for such areas are discussed. As for counter-poverty measures, the historical evolution, relation with various systems, and differences between urban and rural areas, etc., are taken into consideration, and the actual situation of counter-poverty measures is shown. Based on the above analysis, problems in the current counter-poverty measures are pointed out, and a future research agenda on poverty is suggested.
www.fasid.or.jp/english/publication/occasional/poverty.html - November 16, 2004

A Commentary on the Communist Party's Fifteenth Central Committee Plenary Session , Zhang, Chun Xiang
The Communist Party of China's (CCP) fifteenth Central Committee's sixth meeting was held in Beijing from September 24 to 26th.Ê The meeting discussed "Strengthening the CCP and improving the Party's decision making style."Ê Following the conference, reports questioned China's future as a peacefully developing and stable country, the challenges facing relations with Taiwan, and Taiwan's role as a working model of democraticy.Ê The following article will comment on debate surrounding this governmental meeting.
www.npic.edu.tw/~chchang/15th6.htm - December 2, 2004

A Deserving Entry for Taiwan in WHO's Who , Government Information Office
This online publication covers three topic areas:Ê "A Happier, Healthier Society: Public Health in the Republic of China (Taiwan);" "Taiwan, Human Rights, and the WHO -- Foundation of Medical Professionals Alliance in Taiwan;" and "Taiwan's Medical NGOs: An Important Link in World Health."Ê All sections are accompanied with colorful pictures and a thorough overview of each topic.
www.gio.gov.tw/taiwan-website/5-gp/health/ - December 2, 2004

A Learning Focus in Monitoring and Evaluating of Capacity Building: an example of a Participatory Technology Development Project , Wilkes, Andreas
Quoted from abstract: "The Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge's Agro-pastoral Livelihood project aims to work with communities to develop relevant and effective technological and institutional innovations that can support local livelihoods. This process of technology development produces not only technologies but also new knowledge about the relevance and management of those technologies. To evaluate the impacts of the technology development process in one project site, we [CBIK] conducted an evaluation that covered both evaluation of technologies and evaluation of the learning that had taken place... This paper focuses on the lessons from the evaluation of learning processes."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP6%20ENGL.pdf - April 1, 2004

A Study of Rattan Resource Management in Mengsong , Li, Zhinan & Yu, Bin
The positive role that traditional culture can play in sustainable and effective resource management has received scant attention. More often, traditional culture is neglected when we look at today's impact on the environment and its current reality that communities face. This case study examines traditional resource management practices of the Hani minority in Mengsong. The study found: 1) By the end of 1980s rattan's popularity had grown and the rattan market became open to outside businessmen. Increasingly, local leaders and outside entrepreneurs exploited and inevitably depleted natural rattan resources. 2) On the other hand, the local culture has been preserved through private rattan cultivation by Mengsong villagers who utilize sustainable practices. The authors propose that further examinination of traditional rattan cultivation will help in finding a practical application of resource management. The authors also suggest resource management and related policies should include local villagers' direct involvement since it affects their livelihoods and places demands on their indigenous culture.
www.cbik.org/cbik-cn/cbik/our_work/download/rattan%20governance%20in%20mengsong.pdf - April 1, 2005

A Systematic Approach to Representing Local Knowledge: the use of Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit in Action Research on Rumex nepalensis , Shen, Shicai & Wilkes, Andreas
Quoted from abstract: "This paper reports the use of the Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit (AKT) in action research on Rumex nepalensis Spreng., an invasive broadleaf plant found in alpine rangelands in NW Yunnan. The focus of this paper is on our experiences of developing a knowledge base using AKT software as part of our on-going research. Section 1 presents the origins of our research on local knowledge concerning Rumex nepalensis. Section 2 presents the AKT approach to research on local knowledge. Section 3 describes some of the procedures we used in developing the knowledge base and provides tips for other first time users. The final section discusses the potential uses of the knowledge base in our on-going action research project."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP3%20ENGL.pdf - January 1, 2004

Advancing Intellectual Property Rights: Information Technologies and The Course of Economic Development in China , Oksenberg, Michel; Potter, Pitman B.; and Abnett, William B.
The contributors to this issue of the "NBR Analysis" suggest an alternative, cooperative approach to effecting change in China's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime. The authors, Michel Oksenberg of Stanford University, Pitman B. Potter of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law, and William B. Abnett, chief China trade negotiator in the Reagan Administration, assess the conditions that help to nurture respect for intellectual property in China as well as the obstacles to effective IPR protection, and recommend that American corporate executives and policymakers cooperate with Chinese leaders to assist them in developing China's nascent IPR regime. Many Chinese leaders, particularly at the national level, are beginning to understand the need to protect intellectual property rights in order to integrate China into the international economy. Supporters of IPR within the leadership are buttressed by a developing domestic coalition that will have a vital stake in the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/vol7no4/v7n4.pdf - January 1, 1996

An Analysis of Household Livelihoods in Tuomunan Village, Xianggelila County, NW Yunnan , Zheng, Lisia
Quoted from abstract: "This paper reports the results of a household survey in Tuomunan Village. The survey focused on household livelihoods and the roles of different assets. The survey found that the household can be divided into 'agriculture-dependant', 'livestock-dependant' and 'truck driving dependant' livelihood strategies. The paper analyzes some of the correlations between different assets holdings in order to explain why households may adopt for different livelihood strategies."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP5%20ENGL.pdf - March 1, 2004

Analysis of China's Potential for Energy Consumption & Conservation , Energy Foundation & China National Institute of Standardization
China National Institute of Standardization (CNIS) with the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy (ACEEE) evaluate the energy conserving potential of China\'s domestic home appliance industry as well asÊindustrial equipment that useÊthe lowest standards for energy-efficiency.ÊÊBy 2020, CNIS and ACEEE predictÊthat China will implement energy-efficient standards that could potentially conserve 60 gigawatts a yearÊwhich wouldÊreduce the number of power plantsÊplanned for constructionÊby 200 (each power plant can produce up to 300 megawatts). Such a decrease would could mean that in the next 17 years, domestic consumption of energy could be reduced by 85%. In China, energy-efficient technologies and products are readily available, but presently the country is unable to implement or enforce energy-efficient standards that would promote their use. This report investigates theÊpresent level of energy-efficient industries in China, factories\' ability to produce new energy-efficient products, and trends in the development of energy-efficient technologies in ChinaÊand internationally.
www.efchina.org/documents/Aanlysis_Fnl_CN.pdf - March 9, 2003

Animal Husbandry and Resource Utilization in a Yi Community in Xiaolingshan, Ninglang County, Yunnan , Zheng, Chengjun
Quoted from English version's abstract: "Upland farming and animal husbandry are both traditional productive activities among the Yi people in the Liangshan area. Historically, livestock have been the main case income source for local Yi people, and play important roles in economy, culture and other aspects of livelihoods in the community. Forty year after Liberation, many changes have taken place, including reforms of political and economic institutions as well as changes in the tenure arrangements for mountains, forest and grassland. In recent years, the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Programme has had strong impacts on traditional livestock raising and rangeland management patterns. Through a case study of one Yi community, this paper examines traditional rangeland management practices, existing conflicts and problems, and the impacts of tenure system change on rangeland management and livestock raising patterns."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Zheng%202000%20CHIN.pdf - April 1, 2000

Animal Husbandry and Resource Utilization in Yi community in Xialiangshan, Ninglang County, Yunnan , Zheng, Chengjun
Quoted from abstract: "Upland farming and animal husbandry are both traditional productive activities among the Yi people in the Liangshan area. Historically, livestock have been the main case income source for local Yi people, and play important roles in economy, culture and other aspects of livelihoods in the community. Forty year after Liberation, many changes have taken place, including reforms of political and economic institutions as well as changes in the tenure arrangements for mountains, forest and grassland. In recent years, the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Programme has had strong impacts on traditional livestock raising and rangeland management patterns. Through a case study of one Yi community, this paper examines traditional rangeland management practices, existing conflicts and problems, and the impacts of tenure system change on rangeland management and livestock raising patterns."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Zheng%202000%20ENGL%20(draft).pdf - April 1, 2000

Anticipation Is Making Me Wait: The "Inevitability of War" and Deadlines in Cross-Strait Relations , Mulvenon, James
People\'s Republic of China (PRC) statements asserting the \"inevitability\" of war in the Taiwan Strait and imposing a deadline for resolution of the Taiwan question loom larger as facets of debate over potential conflict between the PRC and Taiwan, particularly with Taipei\'s proposed constitutional revision in 2006 and Beijing\'s hosting of the Olympics in 2008 on the horizon. On the one hand, Beijing may believe that asserting deadlines for resolution of the Taiwan question through nonauthoritative channels is useful psychologically to undermine morale in Taiwan and deter U.S. military intervention. On the other hand, PRC media commentary to the contrary continues to underscore the difficult trade-offs between specificity and flexibility in Beijing\'s policymaking toward Taiwan. On balance, the evidence suggests that Beijing\'s position toward Taiwan (and, by extension, toward the role of the United States in a future conflict) has hardened since President Chen Shui-bian\'s reelection in spring 2004, elevating prospects of a military crisis in the next four years.
www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org/20044/jm.pdf - September 1, 2004

Asia's China Debate , Limaye, Satu P.
This second issue in the Special Assessment series of the Asia-Pacific Center for Security Studies delves into how countries in the region are thinking about and dealing with China. This Special Assessment includes a range of analyses that address ten country perspectives concerning China and issues such as China's historical relations with the region, its multilateral participation, economice growth and regional integration and its emerging regional and rail links
www.apcss.org/Publications/SAS/ChinaDebate/Asias%20China%20Debate%20complete.pdf - December 1, 2003

Asian security and China's energy needs , Dannreuther, Roland
With China's increasing dependence on imports of oil and gas, the Chinese government has been engaged in defining and implementing an energy security policy. This paper examines the implications of this policy for the security interests of its regional neighbours. It is certainly plausible to construct alarming and realist-driven scenarios whereby China's quest for energy security leads to competition and regional confrontation. However, this paper argues that the prospect for energy interdependence promoting co-operation and an improved regional environment is an equally probable outcome. China's neighbours, and the West more generally, should promote policies that support this more benign outcome.
irap.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/3/2/197 - August 1, 2003

Bamboo Sprouts After the Rain: The History of University Student Environmental Associations in China , Lu, Hongyan
Since 1990, Chinese university student environmental associations (SEAs) have rapidly increased in number. While concerns for the growing environmental degradation in China motivated students to create these green groups, Chinese environmental nongovernmental organizations, universities, local governments, and the news media have assisted SEA development. Student groups also are receiving assistance from eight citywide or regional green student networks, which are playing active roles as information providers, mini-grant distributors, and regional activity initiators. Two extensive surveys of Chinese SEAs reveal that in the late 1990s these groups expanded their scope of activities, but faced many challenges in finding funds and improving internal management capacity. Notably, after years of working to strengthen their groups and develop creative activities, SEA student leaders have acquired not only strong organizing skills but also environmental literacy and passion that they will integrate into their work as China\'s new generation of officials, teachers, entrepreneurs, reporters, and NGOs leaders.
www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/5-feature_4.pdf - August 1, 2003

Beijing Red Guard Factionalism: Social Interpretations Reconsidered , Walder, Andrew
A generation of research on Red Guard politics has traced the origins of its debilitating factionalism to social and political divisions that were well established among students on the eve of the Cultural Revolution. These social interpretations impute political motives to student activists according to their positions in the pre-Cultural Revolution status quo. However, a closer examination of events during the summer and early autumn of 1966 in Beijing where the Red Guards and their factional divisions first emerged suggests a different interpretation. Factions took shape when student activists from similar social backgrounds responded differently to ambiguous and rapidly changing political signals. These initial acts left students on opposite sides of a growing political divide and exposed them to unforeseen risks as the movement took unpredictable turns. In this interpretation, student divisions are rooted in political interactions in the early phases of the conflict itself. Red Guard factions did not emerge in Beijing as expressions of opposed group interests based on pre-existing social divisions, but as struggles to vindicate earlier actions and avoid the harsh fate of political victims.
iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20204/Walder_Beijing.pdf - January 1, 2001

Building Trust in the United States-China Relationship , Choate, Allen C.
This paper expresses that the United States-China relationship lacks traction. There are neither sufficient mutually perceived common interests nor adequate and shared long-term goals in the relationship that allow both countries to weather the inevitable buffeting by single episodes and incidents. In recent times that list includes United States objections to what it considers to be human rights violations within China, China\'s entry into the World Trade Organization, United States charges of Chinese sales of weapons of mass destruction, the Hong Kong transition, the issue of Most Favored Nation status for China, the ongoing exposure of Asian contributions to American political campaigns, and Chinese state enterprise investments and sales in the United States. All of these issues not only influence the relationship, they actually drive it. The essay concludes with some suggestions about what needs to be done and what can be done to improve the relationship.
www.asiafoundation.org/pdf/wp4.pdf - October 1, 1997

Certification of Off-Grid Renewable Energy Systems , Center for Resource Solutions
This is a discussion of certification programs for off-grid renewable energy systems. It contains a summary of the two most prominent international bodies for small-scale solar certification and the issues associated with using these standards in combination with nationally developed standards. The memo gives two cases studies on PV certification work that is being done in China and Nepal.
www.efchina.org/documents/Certification_of_RE_Systems.doc - September 29, 2001

Changes in Child Care Methods in China's Orphanages , Wang, Tingyu
This article discusses some of the progress that\'s been made concerning orphange care in China over the last 20 years.Ê However, the author also points to some of the inherent problemsÊwith the traditional attitudes and the older system of providing institutionalized care.Ê Currently, there is a shiftÊtoward care that\'s designed to provide children with a more family like settingÊand many orphanages are now focusing their efforts on providing foster care families for these children so they can grow up in healthier and happier surroundings.Ê This article also discusses the challenges with trying to makeÊsuch reforms more widespread.
www.savethechildren.org.cn/job_6_4.html - January 1, 2003

Changing the Rules of the Game: Macroeconomic Recontrol and the Struggle for Wealth and Power , Naughton, Barry
The intensification of China's effort since April 2004 to reassert macroeconomic control has triggered a scramble for money and resources, as businesses and local governments faced an abrupt and unanticipated change in the overall economic climate. The scramble for resources has contributed to strains among regions and within the top leadership. It has also touched off conflicts among different business sectors—including state and private—as they maneuver to avoid the worst effects of reasserted macroeconomic control. The ultimate impact of the current imposition of macroeconomic control is still highly uncertain, and new consequences continue to ripple outward from this policy choice. The Fourth Plenum of the 16th Central Committee, scheduled for mid-September 2004, will bring these issues to a head, as the economic and political implications of macroeconomic recontrol become apparent and are worked through.
www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org/20044/bn.pdf - September 1, 2004

Children's Participation in China , West, Andy
Quoted from author: \"This report looks at children’s participation in China from the experience of Save the Children UK, but draws on experience of work with partner and other agencies. For example in the first National China Children’s Forum held in 2001, in partnerships with the All China Women’s Federation, and with UNICEF and Plan International.Ê There are other Alliance members funding work in China, such as Save the Children Hong Kong and Save the Children Korea, and there has not been time to gather experiences from them, but it would seem that Save the Children UK is the major proponent of work in this area.\"
www.savethechildren.org.cn/doc/job02.doc - January 1, 2004

China and the WTO: the theory and practice of complicance , Gerald Chan
This item requires a subscription to International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Online. Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001, attention has turned to the issue of whether or not China is a responsible member of the organization and how compliant China is with WTO rules. This article discusses the difficulties faced by China, as a responsible rising power, in trying to adjust itself to global trading norms. It examines the theory of compliance in international relations from the perspectives of neo-realism, liberal institutionalism and social constructivism, and then tests these perspectives by examining the mechanisms used to gauge China's compliance, both bilaterally by the United States and multilaterally through the Dispute Settlement Mechanism and the Transition Review Mechanism of the WTO. The result is mixed: different opinions exist as to how compliant China has been but, on the whole, most monitors agree that China has tried hard to comply with WTO requirements in various areas, though much remains to be done. The most severe tests will come in the next few years when China's financial and service sectors will have to face fundamental changes to the way they operate.
irap.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/4/1/47 - February 1, 2004

China and Tibet: Profiles of Tibetan Exiles , Human Rights Watch
Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "This report profiles five Tibetans living in exile in Dharamsala, India. All are in their late twenties or thirties, and all are originally from the areas known to Tibetan nationalists as Amdo and Kham. Today almost all of this territory lies in what Tibetans call "eastern Tibet" and Chinese call the Tibetan regions of Sichuan, Gansu, Qinghai, and Yunnan provinces. Their stories show a common pattern: all had unusual access to education; all became involved in political activities through discussions at state schools or academies; all were arrested and detained by Chinese security forces for possession or circulation of published materials about the Dalai Lama or Tibetan independence; and some were tortured. The men's stories are similar to many others we heard in Dharamsala, and while we do not claim that five cases are illustrative of a broader pattern of repression, their accounts suggest that peaceful political activity in Tibetan areas outside the Tibetan Autonomous Region (T.A.R.) and its capital, Lhasa, is no more acceptable to authorities than it is in the T.A.R."
www.hrw.org/reports/1999/tibet/ - September 1, 2000

China Clean Energy Newsletter: Clean Power , Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
This English-Chinese language newsletter discusses clean power and answers the questions, "What is Demand-Side Management (DSM) and why?" The newsletter also covers the NRDC's strategy for assisting China in moving towards cleaner power, in addition to the organization's national-level efforts and local initiatives.
www.chinacleanenergy.org/docs/newsletters/newsletter%20sept03%20-%20final.pdf - August 1, 2003

China Clean Energy Newsletter: Fuel Cells , Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
This English-Chinese language newsletter discusses what a hydrogren fuel cell is and why Fuel Cell Vehicles (FCVs) are good for China. The newsletter also covers NRDC's strategy and national-level efforts for fuel-cell vehicle development and commercialization in China.
www.chinacleanenergy.org/docs/newsletters/newsletter%20Dec03%20-%20final.pdf - December 1, 2003

China Clean Energy Newsletter: Green Buildings , Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC)
This English-Chinese language newsletter answers the questions, "What are green buildings and why?" It also address the NRDC's strategy for promoting regulatory tools and market-based green building development and approaches used at the national and local level in China.
www.chinacleanenergy.org/docs/newsletters/newsletter%20jul03%20-%20final.pdf - April 11, 2005

China Enters WTO , Yamazawa, Ippei; Imai, Ken-ichi, ed.
On the eve of China’s accession to the WTO, experts on China and the international economy from Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, and the U.S. present in-depth analysis of the impacts of the accession on China itself and on the economies that surround the country.
www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Sympro/021.html - November 16, 2004

China Migration Country Study , Pieke, Frank N, and Ping, Huang
In this article, Dr. Ping, from the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Institute of Sociology, and Dr. Pieke, from Oxford University's Institute of Chinese Studies, collaborate to present the history and contemporary nature of rural-urban labor migration. Their goal in doing so is to provide policy-makers makers with a practical background for designing and implementing pro-poor policies. In covering the history of rural-urban labor migration, the authors describe the characteristics of rural migrants in detail, including their motivations for migrating, education levels, points of origin, and differences in migration patterns between genders. The article also addresses institutional factors such as changes to the hukou system, priorities of policy-makers versus those of policy-implementors and migrants, and the over-arching relationship between migration, economics, and development in rural and urban areas.
203.93.24.66/shxs/s09_shx/zlk/huangping/DFID_Web_Paper_3.pdf - June 22, 2003

China on the Threshold of a Market Economy , Saich, Tony
This essay examines China's progress in economic growth and the future challenges regarding further economic and political transition in the 21st century.
www.ksg.harvard.edu/cbg/research/a.saich_cbg_china.threshold.pdf - March 1, 2001

China Standard Time: A Study in Strategic Industrial Policy , Linden, Greg
China’s industrial policy for high-technology industries combines key features of the policies pursued elsewhere in East Asia such as opening to foreign investors and supporting domestic firms. Leveraging its large market size, China has gone further than other developing countries by promoting standards for products that compete in China with products controlled by major electronics companies. This paper analyzes the experience to date of this Chinese policy in the consumer optical storage industry in the context of China’s evolving national innovation system. China’s standard-setting policy is politicized but ultimately pragmatic, which avoids imposing excessive costs on the economy. It may also have dynamic learning benefits for Chinese firms who are starting to compete in global markets.**It is possible that you may be restricted from viewing this article if you are not connecting from an institution that has site license to this publication.
www.bepress.com/bap/vol6/iss3/art4/ - January 1, 2004

China's changing images of Japan, 1989-2001: the struggle to balance partnership and rivalry , Rozman, Gilbert
This item requires a subscription to International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Online. Chinese views of Japan, both official and popular, grew more negative after the end of the cold war. From 1989 to 1993 the Japanese side bears much of the blame for failing to overcome the distrust of the Chinese people. When the major deterioration in Japan\'s image occurred from 1994 to 1998, however, it was China's leadership that was chiefly responsible, arousing nationalist emotions. When China\'s leaders sought to reverse this process from 1999 to 2001 they were unsuccessful both because of the intensity of public emotions and the lack of reassurance from the Japanese leadership and public. Divisions inside China reveal the hesitation of leaders to foster a realistic image of Japan. By tracing the content of changing Chinese perceptions, we can observe the effects of overconfidence and insensitivity in each state and recognize the difficulty at times of uncertain national identity of finding a coordinated strategy for expanding mutual trust.
irap.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/2/1/95 - February 1, 2002

China's Floating Population: New Evidence from the 2000 Census , Liang, Zai, and Ma, Zhongdong
According to Population and Development Review, \\\"this article uses tabulations from the 2000 Population Census of China along with a micro-level data sample from the census to provide a picture of China\\\'s floating population: migrants without local household registration (hukou), a status resulting in significant social and economic disadvantages. By 2000, the size of China\\\'s floating population had grown to nearly 79 million, if that category is defined as migrants who moved between provinces or counties and resided at their destinations for six months or more. Intra-county floating migration is similarly large, contributing another 66 million to the size of the floating population. The article also discusses the geographic pattern of the floating population and the reasons for moving as reported by migrants. Policy implications are noted.\\\"
web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document?_m=0319652614429d89a024385685065bc6&_docnum=1&wchp=dGLbVtz-zSkVA&_md5=5dcb55d48e57829a34bf8370fb815ada - March 2, 2005

China's Go West Campaign: Ecological Construction or Ecological Exploitation , Economy, Elizabeth
(Article begins on page 5 of PDF) China\'s \"Go West\" campaign is designed to raise living standards in the largely impoverished western region of the country and more tightly integrate the border autonomous region of Tibet and Xinjiang with the rest of the country. The campaign harkens back to Maoist, and even Imperial, approaches to development and national security, embracing large-scale infrastructure projects and mass mobilization efforts. Traditionally, these grand-scale campaigns wreaked havoc on the natural environment. However, China\'s leaders are betting that by embracing \"ecological construction\" as one of the major tenets of the Go West campaign, they can avoid the environmental excesses of their predecessors and protect the already fragile ecology of the region. Early indications, however, are that the substance of the Chinese leaders\' commitment to environmental protection is lagging far behing its rhetoric, raising serious concern among Chinese experts and environmentalists as to the environmental and economic future of the West.
www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3C5.pdf - August 1, 2002

China's Income Distribution over Time: Reasons for Rising Inequality , Perloff, Jeffrey M. and Wu, Ximing
From the author\\\'s abstract: \\\"We use a new method to estimate China’s income distributions using publicly available interval summary statistics from China’s largest national household survey. We examine rural, urban, and overall income distributions for each year from 1985-2001. By estimating the entire distributions, we can show how the distributions change directly as well as examine trends in traditional welfare indices such as the Gini. We find that inequality has increased substantially in both rural and urban areas. Using an inter-temporal decomposition of aggregate inequality, we determine that increases in inequality within the rural and urban sectors and the growing gap in rural and urban incomes have been equally responsible for the growth in overall inequality over the last two decades. However, the rural-urban income gap has played an increasingly important role in recent years. In contrast, only the growth of inequality within rural and urban areas is responsible for the increase in inequality in the United States, where the overall inequality is close to that of China. We also show that urban consumption inequality (which may be a better indicator of economic well-being than income inequality) rose considerably.\\\"
repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1066&context=are_ucb - March 21, 2005

China's Minorities: The Case of Xinjiang and the Uyghur People , Gladney, Dru C.
This report by renowned University of Hawai'i at Manoa Professor Dru C. Gladney for the United Nations High Commission on Human Rights analyzes the likelihood that Uyghur separatism in Xinjiang will lead to a weakened or collapsed China. Gladney's findings are that such a scenario is unlikely, for the following reasons: China's economic success has made Xinjiang too dependent upon Beijing; Uyghur Muslims are just as likely to quarrel with other ethinic minorities, including other Muslim groups, as they are with Beijing; Xinjiang does not appear to have the capabilities, in terms of economic structure or a power-base, to transition successfully from a Chinese province to a successful, independent state.
www.unhchr.ch/huridocda/huridoca.nsf/AllSymbols/79E5FCFFB0A0E39CC1256D26004661FC/$File/G0314169.pdf?OpenElement - April 22, 2005

China's Muslim Separatists: Terrorists or Terrorized? , Nankivell, Nathan
With a brief overview of the unrest between the ethnic Uygar minority's separatist Muslim movement in Xinjiang and Beijing, this article addresses current concerns in building a peaceful relationship between the two parties. Beijing views Xinjiang as a resource goldmine, with some of the largest oil and gas reserves in China. Beijing also sees its Muslim population as a threat, susceptible to terrorist separatist movements from neighboring minorities and Muslims in Western China and Central Asia, claiming that numerous Xinjiang Uygurs have trained with the mujaheddin in Pakistan. Meanwhile, human rights activists say that numerous Uygurs have suffered unjust discrimination, abuse, arrests, and even deaths at the hands of the dominant Han Chinese majority and their government officials.
www.iir.ubc.ca/cancaps/chinaterror.pdf - April 22, 2005

China's Post-WTO Technology Policy: Standards, Software, and the Changing Nature of Techno-Nationalism , Suttmeier, Richard P. and Yao, Xiangkui
In recent years, through administrative action, legal innovation, and increased support for research and development, China has been actively developing a new technology policy based on the promotion of its own technical standards. These activities impinge upon business decisions and raise questions about China's commitment to honor its World Trade Organization (WTO) obligations, and are thus attracting increasing attention from foreign business leaders and government officials. This study reviews the origins and motivations for China's standards strategy, places it in the context of China's accession to the WTO, and examines the operation of China's new standards regime, with particular reference to standards for wireless devices and software. We suggest that the standards strategy is best understood in terms of a neotechno-nationalsim" in which technological development in support of national economic and security interests is pursued through leveraging the opportunities presented by globalization for national advantage. Unlike older forms of techno-nationalism, China's standards strategy necessarily requires attention to international norms, cooperation with foreign partners, and a recognition of the need for new forms of public-private accommodation.
www.nbr.org/publications/special_report/SR7-China_Tech_Policy/ChinaTechPolicy.pdf - May 1, 2004

China's Recent Approach To Asia: Seeking Long Term Gains , Sutter, Robert
Robert Sutter, professor of Asian studies at Georgetown University's School of Foreign Service, analyzes the domestic motivations behind China's Asia policy and security framework. Although China's efforts to engage its Asian neighbors are often characterized as a response to perceived U.S. containment, Dr. Sutter argues that China's goals are more calculated and long term. At a time of economic and political transition, he maintains, China seeks to secure its foreign policy environment, promote economic exchanges that benefit its internal development, calm regional fears about its rising power and national intentions, and boost its regional and international power and influence. In these efforts, China has made considerable progress toward improving relations with most of its Asian neighbors. Nevertheless, these countries remain cautious about China's intentions as a rising power, and they continue to look to the United States as a desirable economic and security partner. As U.S. policymakers consider China policy, they must keep in mind that America's presence in Asia, especially in Central and South Asia, will largely determine whether current trends move in the direction of increased U.S. influence in the region or whether China will reassert its pre-September 11 efforts to restrict the U.S. presence in the region.
www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/vol13no1/13.1.pdf - March 1, 2002

China's Rise in Asia - Promises, Prospects and Implications for the United States , Sutter, Robert G.
In this Occasional Paper, Dr. Sutter\'s paper argues that China is moving in subtle ways, short of direct confrontation, to increase Chinese influence in Asia relative to that of the US. However, he notes that America\'s strengths in the region remain formidable and long-term. He argues that America should build on its strengths as the \"region\'s economic and security partner of choice\" through greater activism and greater sensitivity to the concerns of Asian countries. The US should also appreciate that China has an interest in maintaining peaceful relations with Washington.
www.apcss.org/Publications/Ocasional%20Papers/OPChinas%20Rise.pdf - February 16, 2005

China-India Relations Since Pokhran II: Assessing Sources of Conflict and Cooperation , Frazier, Mark W.
This article assesses recent changes in bilateral relations between China and India following the South Asian nuclear tests of May 1998. As states, China and India share a number of similar problems and challenges, yet their bilateral relationship is one that remains fairly understudied by scholars and policy analysts. This gap in the literature is quickly being filled with new studies on Sino-Indian relations. This article first discusses China's fairly restrained reaction to India's nuclear tests and developments in Sino-Indian relations since 1998. It then examines several recent studies of various facets of the bilateral relationship. A number of institutional features particular to the foreign policy-making communities in China and India are identified as possible sources for the conduct of Sino-Indian relations and prospects for their future development analyzed. Among the most significant of these features is the degree of foreign policy conflict and consensus between civilian and military officials within each country.
www.nbr.org/publications/review/vol3no2/v3n2.pdf - July 1, 2000

China: Country Brief , U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency, Intelligence Agency
This brief gives a detailed description of China\'s role in drug trafficking as an origin, transfer, and destination point. It also includes information on the most common trafficked drugs, including synthetic ones, who trafficks them, China\'s domestic policies to address the problem, and collaboration with other nations to fight drug trafficking. Statistics on the number of drug arrests and seizures between 1995 and 2003 are included.
www.fas.org/irp/agency/doj/dea/product/china0204.pdf - April 27, 2005

China: Energy Policy and Natural Gas Use , Asia Research Centre
China currently sees natural gas as a major industry with the potential to deliver its long-term economic goals without undue environment harm, and a competitive scramble among prospective suppliers and investors is fast developing. The Chinese government plans to boost domestic gas consumption significantly. Realizing such a high-magnitude boost in demand will require massive capital input and offer a vast array of opportunities for Chinese and foreign investors alike, from exploration and pipeline construction to the building and operation of import terminals and various downstream operations . However, development of the natural gas industry in China is at an early stage and the viability and affordability of such an industry for China has yet to be proven. The book examines background of growth in Chinese gas consumption and outlines some scenarios of future developments in this direction.
wwwarc.murdoch.edu.au/reports/China_Energy_Policy_and_Natural_Gas_Use1.pdf - December 2, 2004

China: Environmental Protection and Global Cooperation , Zhou, Fengqi
China's explosive economic growth has created enormous environmental destruction and needs rapid attention. A raft of recent policy initiatives has helped, but much more is needed, especially an increase in the use of clean-coal technologies and the gradual phasing in of natural gas. It must also be recognized that this is a global problem that demands global solutions and careful consideration by the world's developed nations.
www.nira.go.jp/publ/review/2001winter/fengqi.pdf - December 1, 2001

China: Environmental Protection and Global Cooperation , Zhou, Fengqi
China\'s explosive economic growth has created enormous environmental destruction and needs rapid attention. A raft of recent policy initiatives has helped, but much more is needed, especially an increase in the use of clean-coal technologies and the gradual phasing in of natural gas. It must also be recognized that this is a global problem that demands global solutions and careful consideration by the world\'s developed nations.
www.nira.go.jp/publ/review/2001winter/fengqi.pdf - December 1, 2001

China: From Exceptional Case to Global Participant , Skeldon, Ronald
Quoted from author: "China has been and continues to be one of the great sources of international migration, so much so that Chinese people live in virtually every country of the world today. Towards the end of the 20th century, it was estimated that there were some 33 million ethnic Chinese living outside China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. Large though this figure might appear, it is small compared with the total population of China itself, representing only 2.5 percent of a figure that presently exceeds 1.3 billion."
www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=219 - April 1, 2004

China: From Exceptional Case to Global Participant , Skeldon, Ronald
This country profile provides a recent history on various forms of migration in China, Their role as the predominant group migrating to North America and Australasia is discussed, as well as recent indicators that Europe is becoming their preferred destination over North America. The status of irregular, or smuggled migrants, is also addressed.
http://www.migrationinformation.org/Profiles/display.cfm?ID=219 - April 27, 2005

China: State Control of Religion , Human Rights Watch
Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "Religion is becoming more and more important in China. In a country that remains officially atheist, conversions to Christianity have risen sharply, the country's 19 million Muslims are attracting the attention of their co-religionists elsewhere, and Buddhism is the fastest growing religion of all. The Chinese government acknowledges 100 million believers of all faiths out of a population of 1.2 billion, but it has been using the 100 million figure since the mid-1950s. In the kind of intrusive control the Chinese government exercises over religious activities, it violates the rights to freedom of association, assembly, and expression as well as freedom of religion. The only limitations that a government can impose, according to the declaration, are those necessary to secure 'due recognition and respect for the rights and freedoms of others' and protecting 'morality, public order and the general welfare in a democratic society.' The peaceful gathering of unregistered groups is no threat to morality, public order, or general welfare; China's onerous registration requirements are clearly an unnecessary limitation on freedom of religion, particularly when failure to register results in some of the penalties outlined above."
www.hrw.org/reports/1997/china1/ - October 1, 1997

Chine-U.S. Cooperation: Will It Last? , Jia, Qingguo
The September terrorist attacks in the U.S. led to increased cooperation between the U.S. and Chinese governments against international terrorism. Dr. Jia will address the question of whether this is a marriage of convenience or a development of sustainable cooperation. Dr. Jia will argue that after twenty years of sweeping changes in China, the fundamental issue between China and the U.S. lies less in their substantive differences (economic, political, ideological and cultural) than in their differences in priorities. Dr. Jia will propose that Beijing and Washington can serve their best interests if the current emerging cooperative relationship is managed properly.
ads.bookpark.ne.jp/ads/get.asp?site=SPFV&file=SPFV00064.pdf - November 9, 2004

Chinese Immigration in the Russian Far East: Regional, National, and International Dimensions , Minakir, Pavel A.
This is a chapter from the book "Cooperation and Conflict in the Former Soviet Union: Implications for Migration", edited by Jeremy R. Azrael, Emil A. Payin, Kevin F. McCarthy, and Georges Vernez, and published by the Rand Corporation.Ê In his chapter 'Chinese Immigration in the Far East: Regional, National, and International Dimensions' Pavel Minakir explains the issue of Chinese migration in the Russian Far East. Hyped by local political elites and the media in Primorsky and Khabarovsk provinces, this issue led to the escalation of tensions between Russia and China during 1994. This burgeoning conflict, in addition to its immediate dampening effects on economic performance in the Russian Far East, complicated Moscow's effort to reestablish central political control of the region. As a result, the issue of Chinese migration has had a significant effect on Moscow's regional, national, and international policies.
www.rand.org/publications/CF/CF130/CF130ch7.pdf - September 30, 2004

Chinese Transnational Organized Crime: The Fuk Ching , Finckenauer, James O.
Drawing upon data from the 2000 Transatlantic Workshop on Human Smuggling at Georgetown University and the work of pre-eminent Asian crime and smuggling researcher, Ko-lin Chin of Rutgers University, Finckenauer describes how the most infamous Chinese gang, Fuk Ching, operates. Highlighting the close relationships between triads and tongs, as well as the loose structure and random violence of Chinese gangs, Finckenauer provides the following conclusions: 1. While Chinese communities in America are fully aware of the problem of Chiense gangs, they are powerless to stop them without better law enforcement on their side. 2. Chinese gang activity rarely registers with the greater U.S. population, except in cases of human smuggling, for which Chinese gangs like Fuk Ching are becoming renowned.
www.ojp.usdoj.gov/nij/international/chinese.html - May 2, 2005

Collective Management of Improved Forage in Zhongdian County, Deqin, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan, P.R. China , Xie, Hongyan; Richard, Camille; Xu, Jianchu; and Wang, Jianhua
Quoted from summary: "Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province. Due to the implementation of the logging ban in this area, the industry structure of Deqin has changed, with a growing interest and income in tourism, animal husbandry, biological resources and hydro-electricity. Animal husbandry has a long history locally and is the major livelihood base in Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; therefore, the logging ban provides a good opportunity for its further development. At present there are problems in improving animal husbandry. One of the most serious problems is the lack of forage to support increasing herd numbers and the subsequent degradation of grasslands due to over-grazing, especially winter pastures near settlements... Based on one year's intensive field surveys in pilot communities of Zhongdian County of Deqin Prefecture, the present situation and associated issues relating to the use of artificial grasslands are discussed. Some suggestions on local animal husbandry are also presented."
www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Xie%20et%20al%202001.pdf - April 1, 2001

Commerce And Culture: A Reader on Japan , Indiana University
A report produced in conjunction with the second conference in the Culture & Commerce in Asia series sponsored by the East Asian Studies Center and the Global Center for International Business (GCIB) at Indiana University.
www.indiana.edu/%7Eeasc/resources/commerce_culture/index.htm - January 27, 2005

Cooperating to Compete , China Brief
With the increased competitive pressures that WTO will bring, many Chinese and international experts believe that Chinese agriculture will need to move towards greater regional and sectoral specialisation, with improved production, storage and processing technologies and better market information and analysis. Farmer's associations may have the potential to fill some of the gaps left by shrinking government provision, in a way that is more farmer-driven, or at any rate more responsive to farmers' needs, than an extension system traditionally geared to meeting government objectives such as increasing grain yields. However, many farmer-initiated organizations are now facing difficulties.
www.chinadevelopmentbrief.com/article.asp?art=337&sec=19&sub=1&toc=1 - December 1, 2000

Crouching Suspicions, Hidden Potential: United States Environmental and Energy Cooperation with China , Baldinger, P. and Turner, J.
As stated in the authors\' executive summary: \"This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for the United States to develop a coherent approach to energy and environmental relations with China. This exploration begins with an overview of China\'s impact on global energy markets and environmetal quality. In addition to examining the scope of such cooperation, the paper discusses commercial opportunities and challenges for U.S. environmental technology and energy efficiency companies in China.\"
www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3D3.pdf - August 1, 2002

Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong , Human Rights Watch
This article is available for purchase online for $10.00. Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "The Chinese government is using new laws and new interpretations of old laws to crack down on the Falungong, Human Rights Watch says in this report. today. Falungong members have been classified with Tibetan and Uighur 'splittists' and unauthorized religious groups as a major threat to the Communist Party, Human Rights Watch said. This 117-page report, Dangerous Meditation: China's Campaign Against Falungong, analyzes why and how the Chinese government embarked on a plan to eradicate the group it terms an 'evil cult.' In recent documents, the Chinese government has suggested that Falungong is a terrorist organization. The new report traces the evolution of the Chinese government's crackdown, starting with the July 1999 ban on the hierarchically-organized meditation group, which now boasts millions of members worldwide. From the initial ban, the government moved on to prohibit practicing the group's exercises in public, and to confiscate and destroy hundreds of thousands of copies of its publications."
store.yahoo.com/hrwpubs/danmedchinca.html - February 7, 2002

Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era , Munro, Robin
Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "The Chinese government should immediately release anyone held in institutions for the mentally ill based on a politically motivated diagnosis, Human Rights Watch and the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry said in this report. The government should also end the longstanding practice of using psychiatric incarceration for political ends. In the 298-page report, Dangerous Minds: Political Psychiatry in China Today and its Origins in the Mao Era, Human Rights Watch and the Geneva Initiative on Psychiatry, a Netherlands-based international foundation, compare the treatment of dissidents in mental asylums to similar abuses in the former Soviet Union. The sentencing of political dissidents to special psychiatric hospitals on the basis of false diagnoses led to the forced withdrawal of the Soviet Union from the WPA in 1983 and it was not readmitted until 1989, after the Gorbachev reforms had brought an end to systematic political abuse of psychiatry in the Soviet Union."
http://hrw.org/reports/2002/china02/china0802.pdf - August 13, 2002

Dealing with the Bad Loans of the Chinese Banks , Bonin, John and Huang, Yiping
This discussion paper was authored by John Bonin, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Wesleyan University and Yiping Huang, Fellow, Economics Division, Asia Pacific School of Economics and Management, The Australian National University. The paper discusses the fragile state of China\'s banking sector and the Chinese government\'s introduction of a set of reform measures meant to reduce financial risks and build a strong banking system. The authors also make recommendations for modifying the current proposals drawing from experiences and lessons learned from the Resolution Trust Corporation in the United States and bank restructuring in Central European transition economies.
www.columbia.edu/cu/business/apec/publications/boninhuang.pdf - July 1, 2000

Democratization in the Greater China Region , Pei, Minxin
In this essay, Professor Minxin Pei examines the main findings on the causes and progress of democratization in Greater China. The difference stages in the process of democratization have tremendous implications for relations among China, Taiwan and the United States. The author identifies four areas of political liberalization in Mainland China that are likely to stimulate further democratic reforms: (1) the rapid growth of civic organizations with at least some independence from the state; (2) increased institutional identity and autonomy of the National People's Congress; (3) progress in legal reform; and (4) direct election of village leaders.
www.nbr.org/publications/review/vol1no2/v1n2.pdf - June 1, 1998

Demolished: Forced Evictions and the Tenants' Rights Movement in China , Human Rights Watch
Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "Chinese local authorities and developers are forcibly evicting hundreds of thousands of homeowners and tenants who have little legal recourse. China's rapid urban development, fueled in Beijing by preparations for the 2008 Olympics, is leading to the eviction of homeowners and tenants in violation of Chinese law and international standards on the right to housing. This 45-page report details the problems many Chinese citizens face."
hrw.org/reports/2004/china0304/china0304.pdf - March 1, 2004

Deterring Conflict in the Taiwan Strait: The Successes and Failures of Taiwan's Defense Reform and Modernization Program , Swaine, Michael D.
The Taiwan Strait is one of the two places in the Asian Pacific where a major war could break out; the other place is the Korean Peninsula. For over fifty years, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Republic of China (ROC, or Taiwan) have maintained an uneasy peace across the Strait, punctuated by brief periods of limited conflict or by occasional military displays. This paper examines that program in some detail. The first section looks at the basic objectives of Taiwan’s defense reform and modernization programs and the successes and failures to date. The second section assesses the underlying reasons for those successes and failures. A final section assesses the prospects for the future and the implications for U.S. policy and U.S.–ROC relations.
www.ceip.org/files/pdf/CP46.SWAINE.final.PDF - January 18, 2005

Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang , Human Rights Watch
Quoted from Human Rights Watch: "This 114-page report is based on previously undisclosed Communist Party and government documents, as well as local regulations, official newspaper accounts, and interviews conducted in Xinjiang. It unveils for the first time the complex architecture of law, regulation, and policy in Xinjiang that denies Uighurs religious freedom, and by extension freedom of association, assembly, and expression. Chinese policy and law enforcement stifle religious activity and thought even in school and at home."
hrw.org/reports/2005/china0405/china0405.pdf - April 1, 2005

Devastating Blows: Religious Repression of Uighurs in Xinjiang (Summary & Recommendations) , Human Rights Watch
Summary and recommendations of the English language 114-page report based on previously undisclosed Communist Party and government documents, as well as local regulations, official newspaper accounts, and interviews conducted in Xinjiang. The report unveils for the first time the complex architecture of law, regulation, and policy in Xinjiang that denies Uighurs religious freedom, and by extension freedom of association, assembly, and expression. Chinese policy and law enforcement stifle religious activity and thought even in school and at home. (Chinese)
hrw.org/chinese/reports/2005/china0405sum&reco.pdf - April 20, 2005

Economic Estimate of the Impact of WTO Accession by Taiwan , Mastel, Greg
For this study, an attempt was made to measure the potential increase in imports in each of the aforementioned industrial and agricultural sectors40. This exercise required data for the top-7 imports for each sector in 1998; tariff rates at accession and the liberalization timetable; the incorporation of non-tariff measures; and own-price elasticities for each product. Assumptions about endogenous import demand during the phase-in period were also required.
ekm92.trade.gov.tw/BOFT/web/report_detail.jsp?data_base_id=DB010&category_id=CAT434&report_id=260 - December 2, 2004

Economic History of Premodern China , Deng, Kent
China has the longest continually recorded history in the premodern world. For economic historians, it makes sense to begin with the formation of China’s national economy in the wake of China’s unification in 221 BC under the Qin. The year 1800 AD coincides with the beginning of the end for China’s premodern era, which was hastened by the First Opium War (1839–42). Hence, the time span of this article is two millennia.
eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=deng.china - March 3, 2005

Energy Conservation May Regenerate Funds for Energy Development Research , Energy Foundation
Energy conservation and the development of alternative energy is of significant interest to both China\'s policy makers and the public. In this report the trend towards energy conservation in China is seen as a sign that we are likely to see public funding for energy research and development rejuvenated. This report focuses on what is needed to embark upon an energy conservation campaign, and how the establishment of such would lead to a revival of energy-based research in China. The authors frame their proposal by addressing some of the main questions regarding the establishment, disposition, management and surveillance of energy conservation and research in China.
www.efchina.org/documents/PBF2_Rept_final_0405.pdf - May 1, 2004

Environmental Awareness in Developing Countries , Nishihara, Sigeki at al.
The volume provides a comprehensive discussion of the environmental degradation on the global scale andÊthe discource of North-South relations, and case-studies of China and Thailand.
www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Des/003.html - November 16, 2004

Europe Attracts More Migrants from China , Laczko, Frank
While North America, specifically the U.S. and Canada, is traditionally the preferred destination for Chinese migrants, Laczko finds that Europe is becoming increasingly popular. He sees this in an increase in the regions from which Chinese migrants come, the rapid rate of increase in their arrival in Europe, a growing use of new modes of migration, such student migration and irregular migration.
www.migrationinformation.org/feature/display.cfm?ID=144 - April 27, 2005

Evaluation of Policies Designed to Promote the Commercialization of Wind Power Technology in China , The Ministry of Science & Technology, The State Development Planning Commission, & The State Economice & Trade Commission (P.R. of China)
China is looking for ways to create a commercially self-sustaining wind power industry. \"Evaluation of Policies Designed to Promote the Commercialization of Wind Power Technology in China,\" analyzes the economics and regulatory environments of wind power in countries where the industry is well established. The report recommends policies to accelerate the wind energy industry in China, particularly through incentive policies. The Center for Renewable Energy Development and Beijing Jikedian Renewable Energy Development Center authored this report.
http://www.efchina.org/documents/WindPowerTech-complete.pdf - May 15, 2002

Evaluation of Policies Designed to Promote the Commercialization of Wind Power Technology in China , The Ministry of Science and Technology, The State Development Planning Commission, & The State Economic and Trade Commission
China is looking for ways to create a commercially self-sustaining wind power industry. \"Evaluation of Policies Designed to Promote the Commercialization of Wind Power Technology in China\" analyzes the economics and regulatory environments of wind power in countries where the industry is well established. The report recommends policies to accelerate the wind energy industry in China, particularly through incentive policies. The Center for Renewable Energy Development and Beijing Jikedian Renewable Energy Development Center authored this report.
www.efchina.org/documents/WindPowerTech-complete.pdf - May 15, 2002

Exclusionary Policies and Practices in Chinese Minority Education: The Case of Tibetan Education , Johnson, B. & Chhetri, N.
Quoted from authors: "This paper examines how the government of the People's Republic of China (hereafter referred to as China) modifies its educational policies to achieve separate and distinct regional objectives, which are linked to regional and ethnic differences. These policies often result in exclusionary practices. Using the case of the Chinese region of Tibet, this paper illustrates the dichotomy of Chinese educational policy: how to achieve universal education for all students and at the same time contain regional ethnic resistance against the communist government and maintain national unity."
www.tc.columbia.edu/cice/articles/bjnc122.pdf - April 30, 2000

Financing Off-Grid PV , Center for Resource Solutions
This memo outlines different schemes that have been used to finance solar PV projects including cash financing, credit financing, and leasing. The memo provides case studies from different countries and an analysis of lessons learned.
www.efchina.org/documents/Financing_off_grid_PV.doc - July 12, 2001

First Steps to Literacy in Chinese classrooms , Ingulsrud, J. & Allen, K.
In a country as linguistically diverse as China, a central feature in the process of teaching children to read is the creation of a national identity which involves teaching first year children to speak the national language. In this process of acquiring literacy, children discover not only their national identity, but also identities linked to global and local contexts as well as gender identities.Ê Through textbook illustrations, children are exposed to gender-based roles that depict social realities instead of social ideals. Yet not all have access to school, particularly children in rural and minority areas, and migrant workers’ children in the cities. The authors here illustrate the ways some of the identities are represented in school textbooks. These representations indicate the enormous gap between urban children and the realities of most Chinese children who live in rural areas.
www.tc.columbia.edu/cice/articles/ka152.pdf - May 12, 2003

Focus on China , Harding, Harry
"Focus on China" addresses a broad range of issues in U.S.-China relations, including domestic challenges facing China today. Dr. Harry Harding, Dean of the Elliott School of International Affairs at George Washington University and Trustee of The Asia Foundation, hosted the seminar held in Washington D.C. on March 20, 1997, and offers his reflections on U.S.-China policy, which are included in this publication. \"Focus on China\" also shares individual perspectives from China: Dr. Fan Gang, Director of the National Economic Institute and China Reform Foundation in Beijing, who addressed issues of economic reform; Ms. Zhang Ye, Program Consultant for The Asia Foundation in Beijing, and an expert on the nongovernmental sector in China; and Mr. Allen Choate, The Asia Foundation's Director of Program Development for China, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, who discussed local governance in China.
www.asiafoundation.org/pdf/focusonchina.pdf - March 20, 1997

Foreign Direct Investment in China: Effects on Growth and Economic Performance , Graham, Edward M. & Wada, Erika
In this article, the authors account for one of the major economic success stories of the past 10 years, foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
www.iie.com/publications/wp/2001/01-3.pdf - April 1, 2001

Foreign Technology in China's Automobile Industry: Implications for Energy, Economic Development, and Environment , Sims Gallagher, Kelly
Although there are still relatively few cars in China today, with the accession to the World Trade Organization demand for passenger cars is expected to grow substantially during the coming decades. To tap into this exploding market and acquire more advanced technology, all the major Chinese auto manufacturers have established joint ventures with foreign companies. This paper explores the role of foreign automakers--particularly the Big Three (Ford, General Motors, and DaimlerChrysler)--in transferring technology. Although these foreign firms have helped to modernize the automobiles on the road today, emissions control and fuel efficiency technology installed in Chinese cars is considerably behind European, Japanese, and U.S. levels. Foreign firms and the Chinese government share the responsibility to correct this laggardness.
www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/2-feature_1.pdf - September 1, 2003

From Rice Bowl to Safety Net: Insecurity and Social Protection during China's Transition , Cook, Sarah
Quoted from abstract: "Alongside economic growth, inequality and insecurity have increased rapidly in China. Groups formerly excluded from the security of the 'iron rice bowl' are now excluded from new forms of social assistance, often designed to compensate those losing livelihood guarantees. There is thus a need for new safety-net measures, both to assist the most vulnerable and least secure members of society throughout the transition, and to enhance their longer-term security. This article argues that compensatory arrangements can be effective only alongside a complementary set of social protection policies including increased investment in human resources. Better-designed interventions could strengthen rather than undermine existing informal safety nets, and allow an expanded role for nongovernmental organisations in social protection." This is a Blackwell Publishing paper. Blackwell Publishing charges $25.00 for this paper.
papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=368771 - February 12, 2003

Going Too Far: Bush's Pledge to Defend Taiwan , Carpenter, Ted Galen
This foreign policy briefing discusses the implications of the U.S. government's security commitment to Taiwan. The author also address the key factors involved in determining whether the United States can deter conflict between China and Taiwan amidst China\'s growing military capabilities.
cato.org/pubs/fpbriefs/fpb66.pdf - May 30, 2001