• Economic Development of China , University of Hawaii at Manoa
  No course description at this site.
  chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/programs/chinese_courses.html - September 18, 2004

• Economy of the People's Republic of China I , George Washington University
  Analysis of organization, operation, policies, and problems of the Chinese economy since 1949.
  www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/grd_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

• Economy of the People's Republic of China II , George Washington University
  Continuation of prerequisite course "Economy of the People's Republic of China II." Examining critical problems of economic development in China. Includes a research seminar.
  www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/grd_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

• Foreign Trade and Investment in China , Xiao, Geng
  This course examines the reform and growth of China's foreign trade and investment sector and their implications for domestic economic reform and growth as well as for regional and global economic dynamics. Basic economic principles are used to explain the structural, institutional, and policy dimensions of China's integration into the global economy. Institutional economics are used to examine the legal, financial and regulatory risk of investing in China. The aim is to help students of diverse backgrounds to develop systematic frameworks and ways of thinking for assessing the constant changes in China's external sector and their consequences for local and global economies. Major topics include: 1. China in the world economy: a historical perspective 2. China's domestic economic problems 3. Reform and growth of China's foreign trade and investment 4. Impact of China's opening on the global economy 5. Legal, financial and regulatory risk of investing in China 6. Next stage of China's institutional reform
  www.econ.hku.hk/outline2003-04/econ0602.pdf - August 6, 2004

• Graduate Seminar: Political Economy of Reform in China , Stanford University
  The content, process, and problems of China's post-Mao reforms comprise this class, taught by Professor Jean Oi. Changes in property rights, markets, credit, and the role of the state in economic development are explored. Further, the course encourages comparative insights about reform in the Chinese communist system that distinguish it from the experience of regimes in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union.
  aparc.stanford.edu/courses/676/ - September 21, 2004

• Introduction to the Economy of the People's Republic of China , George Washington University
  Background, organization, and operation ofÊChina's economy. Appraisal of performance and analysis of problems of development.
  www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/ug_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

• Political Economy of Reform in China , Stanford University
  This graduate course covers changes in property rights, markets, credit, and the role of the state in economic development. Comparative rights about reform in the Chinese communist system that distinguishes it from the experience of regimes in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Readings in Chinese and English. Prerequisite: Basic knowledge of the government and politics of post-1949 China.
  aparc.stanford.edu/courses/759/ - September 21, 2004

• The Economic System of Hong Kong , Luk, Y.F.
  This course aims to provide a basic but comprehensive understanding of the salient aspects of the Hong Kong economy. The emphasis will be on both economic analysis and institutional arrangements of the major economic sectors and related policies. More attention will be given to topics of recent public concern. After some preliminary discussion on national income accounting and historical development, the course will go on to the following topics: the monetary system and exchange rate regime, financial markets and institutions, public finance and fiscal policy, external trade and foreign investment, economic relations with the Mainland, the labour market, employment and income distribution, the property market and housing policy, regulation of public utilities and competition policy, industrial development and policy, etc. These are all important areas of study about the Hong Kong economy, but the extent of coverage of each will have to depend on the amount of time available. Some topics may even be skipped under the time constraint.
  www.econ.hku.hk/outline2003-04/econ0603s2.pdf - August 6, 2004

• A Basic Analysis on the Poverty Problem in China , Kiminami, Lily Y.
  This paper discusses the poverty problem in China in terms of recognition of the poverty situation, cause of poverty and counter-poverty policies. As for recognitionof the poverty situation, concepts of poverty and its various estimatingmethods are surveyed, and related opinions are summarized. In terms of causes of poverty, statistical and empirical analyses are conducted for rural and urban areas, respectively, causes of poverty are specified, and necessary counter-poverty measures for such areas are discussed. As for counter-poverty measures, the historical evolution, relation with various systems, and differences between urban and rural areas, etc., are taken into consideration, and the actual situation of counter-poverty measures is shown. Based on the above analysis, problems in the current counter-poverty measures are pointed out, and a future research agenda on poverty is suggested.
  www.fasid.or.jp/english/publication/occasional/poverty.html - November 16, 2004

• Abnett, William , The National Bureau of Asian Research
  William B. Abnett, Senior Advisor to The National Bureau of Asian Research, has over 20 years of public and private sector experience in the field of U.S.-China business, economic, and political relations. Mr. Abnett worked in the Reagan White House, where he served as Director for Chinese Affairs in the Office of the United States Trade Representative and was responsible for developing and coordinating the Administration's trade policy toward the PRC.
  www.nbr.org/staff/abnett.html - October 25, 2004

• Advancing Intellectual Property Rights: Information Technologies and The Course of Economic Development in China , Oksenberg, Michel; Potter, Pitman B.; and Abnett, William B.
  The contributors to this issue of the "NBR Analysis" suggest an alternative, cooperative approach to effecting change in China's Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) regime. The authors, Michel Oksenberg of Stanford University, Pitman B. Potter of the University of British Columbia Faculty of Law, and William B. Abnett, chief China trade negotiator in the Reagan Administration, assess the conditions that help to nurture respect for intellectual property in China as well as the obstacles to effective IPR protection, and recommend that American corporate executives and policymakers cooperate with Chinese leaders to assist them in developing China's nascent IPR regime. Many Chinese leaders, particularly at the national level, are beginning to understand the need to protect intellectual property rights in order to integrate China into the international economy. Supporters of IPR within the leadership are buttressed by a developing domestic coalition that will have a vital stake in the enforcement of intellectual property rights.
  www.nbr.org/publications/analysis/vol7no4/v7n4.pdf - January 1, 1996

• Behind the Open Door: Foreign Enterprises in the Chinese Marketplace , Rosen, Daniel
  This study describes the experiences of foreign-invested firms in the mainland Chinese economy and discusses the implications of those experiences for the foreign commercial policies of the industrial countries, including the United States. It draws on extensive interviews with expatriate managers and other professionals currently at work in China. Whereas recent books on Chinese marketplace conditions focus on a single firm or issue or lack a discussion of policy conclusions (because they are prepared for a commercial audience), this study is distinguished by the breadth of industry interviews and its concern for policy implications. Rosen makes a rare attempt to deduce the policy implications of current experiences of foreign firms in China, presenting conclusions that go beyond those found in today’s usual policy debate. Behind the Open Door is a must for China specialists and should be read by anyone with general or business interests in China or the Asia-Pacific region. The book is an ideal text for MBA programs that focus on the region, and for political science and Asian studies courses on China.
  bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=23 - March 24, 2005

• Changing the Rules of the Game: Macroeconomic Recontrol and the Struggle for Wealth and Power , Naughton, Barry
  The intensification of China's effort since April 2004 to reassert macroeconomic control has triggered a scramble for money and resources, as businesses and local governments faced an abrupt and unanticipated change in the overall economic climate. The scramble for resources has contributed to strains among regions and within the top leadership. It has also touched off conflicts among different business sectors—including state and private—as they maneuver to avoid the worst effects of reasserted macroeconomic control. The ultimate impact of the current imposition of macroeconomic control is still highly uncertain, and new consequences continue to ripple outward from this policy choice. The Fourth Plenum of the 16th Central Committee, scheduled for mid-September 2004, will bring these issues to a head, as the economic and political implications of macroeconomic recontrol become apparent and are worked through.
  www.chinaleadershipmonitor.org/20044/bn.pdf - September 1, 2004

• China and the WTO: the theory and practice of complicance , Gerald Chan
  This item requires a subscription to International Relations of the Asia-Pacific Online. Since China joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) in December 2001, attention has turned to the issue of whether or not China is a responsible member of the organization and how compliant China is with WTO rules. This article discusses the difficulties faced by China, as a responsible rising power, in trying to adjust itself to global trading norms. It examines the theory of compliance in international relations from the perspectives of neo-realism, liberal institutionalism and social constructivism, and then tests these perspectives by examining the mechanisms used to gauge China's compliance, both bilaterally by the United States and multilaterally through the Dispute Settlement Mechanism and the Transition Review Mechanism of the WTO. The result is mixed: different opinions exist as to how compliant China has been but, on the whole, most monitors agree that China has tried hard to comply with WTO requirements in various areas, though much remains to be done. The most severe tests will come in the next few years when China's financial and service sectors will have to face fundamental changes to the way they operate.
  irap.oupjournals.org/cgi/reprint/4/1/47 - February 1, 2004

• China Enters WTO , Yamazawa, Ippei; Imai, Ken-ichi, ed.
  On the eve of China’s accession to the WTO, experts on China and the international economy from Japan, China, Taiwan, Thailand, and the U.S. present in-depth analysis of the impacts of the accession on China itself and on the economies that surround the country.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Sympro/021.html - November 16, 2004

• China in the World Economy , Lardy, Nicholas R.; Daniel Rosen, H.
  China is playing a growing role in the world economy. It is one of the world\'s fastest growing countries and is the tenth largest exporter. China is also a significant recipient of foreign aid and a major borrower on international capital markets. Even more significantly, it is attracting vast amounts of foreign direct investment—over $11 billion in 1992 alone. This study examines the implications of China\'s emergence as a major player in the world economy. Its integration into the international economic order poses major difficulties for the rest of the world. These problems include bringing China\'s mixed market/centrally planned economy into the GATT, adapting to competition from labor-intensive Chinese exports, encouraging further market-oriented reform, and accommodating its demand for international capital. But China\'s participation in the global economy also offers important opportunities for trade, investment, and international cooperation to promote world prosperity and stability. Dr. Lardy anticipates that China will continue on a rapid growth path, thus magnifying the policy challenges and opportunities for its trading partners. He recommends a series of steps to facilitate China\'s full participation in the world economy.
  bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=24 - March 24, 2005

• China on the Threshold of a Market Economy , Saich, Tony
  This essay examines China's progress in economic growth and the future challenges regarding further economic and political transition in the 21st century.
  www.ksg.harvard.edu/cbg/research/a.saich_cbg_china.threshold.pdf - March 1, 2001

• China Standard Time: A Study in Strategic Industrial Policy , Linden, Greg
  China’s industrial policy for high-technology industries combines key features of the policies pursued elsewhere in East Asia such as opening to foreign investors and supporting domestic firms. Leveraging its large market size, China has gone further than other developing countries by promoting standards for products that compete in China with products controlled by major electronics companies. This paper analyzes the experience to date of this Chinese policy in the consumer optical storage industry in the context of China’s evolving national innovation system. China’s standard-setting policy is politicized but ultimately pragmatic, which avoids imposing excessive costs on the economy. It may also have dynamic learning benefits for Chinese firms who are starting to compete in global markets.**It is possible that you may be restricted from viewing this article if you are not connecting from an institution that has site license to this publication.
  www.bepress.com/bap/vol6/iss3/art4/ - January 1, 2004

• China's Changing Role in the Global Economy , Bottelier
  Reviews the dramatic changes in international trade and investment patterns unfolding in Asia and the world as a result of China's rapid growth and opening up. Analyzes changing bilateral economic relations between China and the United States, the EU, Japan, Russia, Taiwan and other Asian countries, as well as implications of proposed regional trade agreements. Includes discussion of China's exchange-rate policy, its compliance with World Trade Organization principles and accession terms, its role as a manufacturing hub for other nations, its participation in international capital markets, its policies to attract inward and promote outward foreign direct investment and its membership in multilateral agencies such as WTO, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. Discusses implications for China and the international commodity markets of China's growing import dependency for oil, gas and other key commodities. Reviews the likely distribution of costs and benefits among various countries as a result of China's integration into the global economy.
  www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/asia/china/chinacourses.html#Anchor8 - January 4, 2005

• China's Economic Reforms Since 1978: Domestic and International Challenges Ahead , Bottelier, Pieter P.
  The course reviews China's economic reforms in a national and international context, making comparisons with other transitional economies; analyzes the sources of China's rapid economic growth; assesses development prospects; and identifies critical reform challenges.
  www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/asia/china/chinacourses.html - September 20, 2004

• China's Economic System and Reforms , Keidel, Albert
  The cource covers China's modern economic system and reforms, with an emphasis on the system and reforms emerged since 1978. In addition to presenting the principal events, statistical trends, policies and controversies, the course links China's experience to basic principles of Economic development.
  www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/asia/asiaoverview/readinglists/chinareadinglists/ChinaEconomicSystemsandReformsKeidel.pdf - September 20, 2004

• China's Income Distribution over Time: Reasons for Rising Inequality , Perloff, Jeffrey M. and Wu, Ximing
  From the author\\\'s abstract: \\\"We use a new method to estimate China’s income distributions using publicly available interval summary statistics from China’s largest national household survey. We examine rural, urban, and overall income distributions for each year from 1985-2001. By estimating the entire distributions, we can show how the distributions change directly as well as examine trends in traditional welfare indices such as the Gini. We find that inequality has increased substantially in both rural and urban areas. Using an inter-temporal decomposition of aggregate inequality, we determine that increases in inequality within the rural and urban sectors and the growing gap in rural and urban incomes have been equally responsible for the growth in overall inequality over the last two decades. However, the rural-urban income gap has played an increasingly important role in recent years. In contrast, only the growth of inequality within rural and urban areas is responsible for the increase in inequality in the United States, where the overall inequality is close to that of China. We also show that urban consumption inequality (which may be a better indicator of economic well-being than income inequality) rose considerably.\\\"
  repositories.cdlib.org/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1066&context=are_ucb - March 21, 2005

• China's New Market Economy , Brown, William B.
  The course looks at theoretical issues that remain to be solved before China's transition to market economy can be considered complete, along with practical issues related to doing business in a country in the midst of major change.
  icp.gmu.edu/course/syllabi/00fa/701-009.htm - September 21, 2004

• Chinese Business Enterprise in a Global Context , University of Pennsylvania
  The intent of this course is to help students to gain a better understanding of the Chinese business enterprise worldwide. Our consideration of Chinese business will extend an analysis of its cultural, historical and philosophical roots to look at the actual structure, strategies, and practices of Chinese enterprises. Through this analysis of the specificities of Chinese business, the course aims to move from a comparative to an integrative perspective which considers the Chinese business as a basis for rethinking the structure and possibilities of enterprise in the new global economy. Articles, cases, in-class reports and other readings.
  ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - January 5, 2005

• Chinese Econ-Transition , Duke University
  This course studies the evolution of the Chinese economy since 1949. Exposition of alternative economic systems, the commune, incentive problems, and state enterprises. Analysis of recent reforms and their effects on economic efficiency: agricultural growth, changes in ownership structures, financial markets, reforms and inflation, privatization, gradualism, and shock treatment. Through a research project students develop expertise in one aspect of the Chinese economy. Prerequisite: Economics 1 or 51, and 2 or 52. Instructor: Yang
  www.aas.duke.edu/reg/synopsis/view.cgi?s=01&action=display&subj=ECON&course=142S&sem=0820 - August 22, 2004

• Chinese Economic Development , University of Alberta
  No course description at this site.
  www.arts.ualberta.ca/~eastasia/course_offerings.htm - September 22, 2004

• Chu, Tianshu , East-West Center
  Dr. Chu\'s previous affiliation was visiting assistant lecturer, Department of Economics, Indiana University and Purdue University Indianapolis, 1999-2000. Dr. Chu\'s publications include her doctoral dissertation: \"Import Substitution and Export Promotion: In Search of a Theory of Economic Development.\" Current research Projects include: China\'s new economy; poverty alleviation, rural development, and trade; the future of tourism in Asia and the Pacific Islands.
  www.eastwestcenter.org/about-dy-detail.asp?staff_ID=350 - October 28, 2004

• Commerce And Culture: A Reader on Japan , Indiana University
  A report produced in conjunction with the second conference in the Culture & Commerce in Asia series sponsored by the East Asian Studies Center and the Global Center for International Business (GCIB) at Indiana University.
  www.indiana.edu/%7Eeasc/resources/commerce_culture/index.htm - January 27, 2005

• Consuming Literature , Kong, Shuyu
  This book examines the changes taking place in literary writing and publishing in contemporary China under the influence of the emerging market economy. It focuses on the revival of literary best sellers in the Chinese book market and the establishment of a best-seller production machine.
  www.sup.org/cgi-bin/search/book_desc.cgi?book_id=4939%204940 - February 22, 2005

• Contemprorary Chinese Development , University of Hawaii at Manoa
  Note: In order to access the course description, select the course from the list. This course traces the development of political and economic institutions in China since 1949, and gives special emphasis to features since the rise of Deng Xiaoping in 1978. It begins with an examination of Chinese historical events following the Communist victory, and considers the policies and legacies of Mao Zedong. It then examines issues of reform in the areas of industry, education, the environment, the military, and foreign policy. The course concludes with a focus on China's "renegade province", Taiwan, to see an alternative development model for the Chinese people.
  www.hawaii.edu/shaps/asia/courses_next_sem.html - January 13, 2005

• Dealing with the Bad Loans of the Chinese Banks , Bonin, John and Huang, Yiping
  This discussion paper was authored by John Bonin, Professor of Economics, Department of Economics, Wesleyan University and Yiping Huang, Fellow, Economics Division, Asia Pacific School of Economics and Management, The Australian National University. The paper discusses the fragile state of China\'s banking sector and the Chinese government\'s introduction of a set of reform measures meant to reduce financial risks and build a strong banking system. The authors also make recommendations for modifying the current proposals drawing from experiences and lessons learned from the Resolution Trust Corporation in the United States and bank restructuring in Central European transition economies.
  www.columbia.edu/cu/business/apec/publications/boninhuang.pdf - July 1, 2000

• Economic and Social History , University of British Columbia
  Economic and Social History of Modern China. Changes and continuities in Chinese society and culture from the late Imperial Period to the present; rural and urban life, social stratification, social movements and ideology, family and community, poplur beliefs and cultural values.
  www.asia.ubc.ca/courses/history.htm - January 18, 2005

• Economic Development of China , Xiao, Geng
  This course provides an analytical study of economic development and reform in China since 1949. Applying basic economic principles, including economics of institutions, it introduces first China's experiments of socialist economic development and central planning during 1949-1978 and then examines China's economic opening and market-oriented reforms since 1978.
  www.econ.hku.hk/outline2003-04/econ0601s2.pdf - August 6, 2004

• Economic Development of China , University of Pittsburgh
  China's large and dynamic economy has enjoyed two decades of spectacular and unexpected growth. China's recent economic experience raises central questions about the outcome of socialism, the transition from plan to market, the nature of market systems, and the future impact of China and other Asian nations on the world economy. This course engages these issues by examining the development of China's economy since 1800, with particular emphasis on studying China's experience under different forms of economic organization: market economy, central planning, reformed system combining plan and market, and on comparing China's development with the achievements of other nations.
  www.pitt.edu/~caswww/cdesc/ds043051/econ.htm#1630Economic%20Development%20of%20China - January 16, 2004

• Economic Estimate of the Impact of WTO Accession by Taiwan , Mastel, Greg
  For this study, an attempt was made to measure the potential increase in imports in each of the aforementioned industrial and agricultural sectors40. This exercise required data for the top-7 imports for each sector in 1998; tariff rates at accession and the liberalization timetable; the incorporation of non-tariff measures; and own-price elasticities for each product. Assumptions about endogenous import demand during the phase-in period were also required.
  ekm92.trade.gov.tw/BOFT/web/report_detail.jsp?data_base_id=DB010&category_id=CAT434&report_id=260 - December 2, 2004

• Economic History of China , Leung, Patrick
  This course will discuss an overview of China's economic historical development, economic revolution in the Song/Yuan era, China and Europe compared in the early modern period - in the rise of capitalism - in ecological constraints and sustained industrial growth, China's role in global trade and the flow of silver and gold 1400-1800: Ming/Qing China's fiscal crises, and finally the modern era and the future.
  www.econ.hku.hk/outline2003-04/econ0605.pdf - August 6, 2004

• Economic History of Premodern China , Deng, Kent
  China has the longest continually recorded history in the premodern world. For economic historians, it makes sense to begin with the formation of China’s national economy in the wake of China’s unification in 221 BC under the Qin. The year 1800 AD coincides with the beginning of the end for China’s premodern era, which was hastened by the First Opium War (1839–42). Hence, the time span of this article is two millennia.
  eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=deng.china - March 3, 2005

• Economic Organization and Development of China , Columbia University
  An analytical survey of the economic organization of China, with reference to population and land resources, agricultural industries, transportation, trade, and finance. The social and cultural forces affecting the economic development of the country.
  www.sipa.columbia.edu/CourseDescriptions/index.html - September 23, 2004

• Economies of China and Vietnam: Transition , University of Cincinnati
  A detailed analysis of the economic reforms that occurred in China and Vietnam which led to the adoption of market systems. Theories of economic transition are used for the basis of the analysis, focusing on the institutions necessary to operate a market system which are absent in a planned economy. The structure of and current problems in these economies will also be discussed.
  asweb.artsci.uc.edu/economics/undergrad/ugcourses.html#500 - January 19, 2005

• Economy Of China , Reynolds, Bruce
  The course reviews China's economic growth since the founding of the People's Republic of China, and in particular since the move toward the use of market mechanisms in 1978. The theme of the course is that for China, changing economic institutions partly explain growth performance in these years.
  etg08.itc.virginia.edu/cod.pages/20043/ASF/ECON.html - August 26, 2004

• Foreign Direct Investment in China: Effects on Growth and Economic Performance , Graham, Edward M. & Wada, Erika
  In this article, the authors account for one of the major economic success stories of the past 10 years, foreign direct investment (FDI) in China.
  www.iie.com/publications/wp/2001/01-3.pdf - April 1, 2001

• Investments in Human Capital and Their Impacts on Regional Disparities in China , Du, Yang and Wang, Meiyan
  Using statisical analysis and empirical data, these researchers from China\'s Academy of Social Sciences assess the effects of health, education and fertility onÊregional disparities in growth and human capital development. They apply this analysis in providing recommendations for relating human capital development to economic growth in China. Simplified Chinese text software will facilitate reading this report, as some of the authors\' supporting data is provided only in simplified Chinese.
  www.cass.net.cn/chinese/s06_rks/chrrsite/paper/working%20paper%2017.PDF - March 23, 2005

• Keidel, Bert , Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
  Bert Keidel joined the Carnegie Endowment in September 2004, after serving as deputy director for the Office of East Asian Nations at the U.S. Department of the Treasury. His work at the Endowment focuses on issues relating to China's economic system reforms, macroeconomy, regional development, and poverty reduction strategy.
  www.carnegieendowment.org/experts/index.cfm?fa=expert_view&expert_id=230 - October 21, 2004

• Lardy, Nicholas R. , Lardy, Nicholas R.
  Dr. Nicholas R. Lardy, senior fellow at the Institute for International Economics, was a senior fellow in the Foreign Policy Studies Program at the Brookings Institution from 1995 to 2003 and also served as interim director of Foreign Policy Studies in 2001. His areas of expertise include Asia, in particular China, and economics of transition. He has written numerous articles and books on the Chinese economy. His current major project analyzes the strategic implications of deepening China-Taiwan economic relations.
  www.iie.com/publications/author_bio.cfm?author_id=24 - October 22, 2004

• Law and Economic Reform in Contemprorary China , University of Pennsylvania
  For nearly a quarter-century, China has been engaged in a sweeping, if fitful, process of market-oriented economic reforms that have made the Chinese economy one of the largest and fastest growing in the world. From the beginning of this period, legal reforms have been high on the political agenda and have played a central role in these economic developments. After a brief survey of classical and other pre-1949 Chinese thought on law and the economy, major Western theories of law and economic development and regulation, and pre-1978 economic law and regulation in the People\'s Republic, the course examines in greater depth selected topics in reform-era economic law, such as: contract law, management reforms, taxation and financial reforms, bankruptcy and ownership reform, company law, \"economic crime\" and corruption, administrative law constraints on economic regulation, institutions of economic legislation, and the special regimes for foreign trade and investment (and related issues of international law and U.S. foreign relations law).
  ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - January 5, 2005

• Measuring Costs of Protection in China , Yansheng, Zhang; Zhongxin, Wan; Shuguang, Zhang
  China was steeped in the concepts and ideology of a planned economy for 30 years until reforms began in 1978. Although the country is now well on its way to becoming a market economy, its trading system remains shackled by its centrally planned past. Measuring the Costs of Protection in China analyzes some of the costs of trade protection and the corresponding benefits of liberalization for 25 highly protected sectors in China. The book begins with a description of the development of China\\\'s trade administration system, sketching the obstacles to and prospects for further liberalization. The authors analyze the structure of Chinese trade protection and present their estimates of its static costs. They then offer an in-depth analysis of the country\\\'s trade regime and of the administrative barriers to rationalization and liberalization.The final chapter presents the authors\\\' recommendations for improving China\\\'s trade system. They conclude that the short-term costs of trade liberalization for goods examined in the study will be substantial in terms of lost domestic output and lost jobs. The long-term benefits, however, would provide some $35 billion worth of consumer benefits. Five appendices provide greater technical detail on the modeling and methodology applied in this study, as well as a brief description of some peculiarities of the Chinese trade regime-including copious levels of smuggling and monopolistic market structures.The study was conducted by a team of Chinese economists at the independent Unirule Institute in Beijing, whose president is the prominent reformer, Mao Yushi. It is part of the Institute\\\'s series on the costs of protection in several major countries, which has previously produced publications on the United States, Japan, and Korea.
  bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=31 - March 24, 2005

• On the Chinese State-Owned Enterprises' Reform in the Post-Communism Perspective , Yu, Ren-Shou
  This is a Master's thesis in interdisciplinary studies examining the Chinese state-owned enterprises\' reform in the post-communism perspective.
  etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0512100-121803 - June 30, 1999

• Park, Albert , Center for Chinese Studies
  Professor Park completed his doctorate in Economics at Stanford University in 1996 and joined the faculty of the University of Michigan in 1997. His research interests are in economic development, comparative institutions, and applied microeconomics. Much of his research focuses on the Chinese economy, including current survey projects on rural poverty, rural education, and urban labor markets. He also has affiliations with the UM Population Studies Center and the William Davidson Institute.
  141.211.136.209/ccs/FacultyListDetail.asp?ID=33 - October 29, 2004

• Political Economy of Chinese Reform , Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  This course focuses on China's transition from plan to market. What has the trajectory of institutional change in China been, and how has growth been achieved? Is that growth sustainable? Subject examines specific aspects of reform (enterprise, fiscal, financial, social welfare), and the systemic consequences of interaction between various reform measures. Additional topics include the interaction between political and economic change, the transformation of state-society relations, and the generalizability of China's reform experience. Graduate students are expected to explore the subject in greater depth.
  ocw.mit.edu/OcwWeb/Political-Science/17-552Political-Economy-of-Chinese-ReformSpring2003/CourseHome/index.htm - September 19, 2004

• Rawski, Thomas , University of Pittsburgh
  Professor of Economics and History, Department of Economics, University of Pittsburgh His research focuses on the nature and implications of recent developments and long term changes in the economy of China.
  www.pitt.edu/~tgrawski/tgrawski.htm - November 8, 2004

• Rural Urban Income Gap and Critical Point of Institutional Change , Cai, Fang
  From the author\'s abstract: \"By employing an analytical framework based on institutional economics, this paper intends to investigate the rural urban income gap and its critical points for change. The level of rural urban income gap in 1978 broke the institutional equilibrium on which the traditional rural urban relationship relied, leading to overall reform in rural China. In the post-reform period, utilizing their superior influence on policy-making, urban residents have so far succeeded in maintaining urban biased government policies, deterring rural labor from migrating to cities permanently. The urban residents’ major lobbying mechanism is through their “vote” and “voice”, something in which their rural counterparts are lacking. However, farmers have a way to “get around” the urban biased policies which are unfavorable to them. This “voting with their feet” eventually will drive the policy change. When the rural urban income gap increases to the level of 1978, a critical point for institutional change will have been reached. The timing and conditions will be ripe for reform of the whole policy package on which the present rural urban divide has been built.\"
  www.cass.net.cn/chinese/s06_rks/37wp.pdf - March 23, 2005

• Society & Economy in China A: Historical Development , The Australian national University
  This course starts by looking in a non-technical way at conceptions of what is meant by the term ÒeconomyÓ. It studies how ÒeconomicÓ analysis has been incorporated into the models of society developed by some major social theorists. Then it moves on to examine ways in which these ideas have been taken up and used by historians examining the evidence about Chinese society. It looks closely at some debates about the nature of long-term developments in the economic dimensions of Chinese society down to the early modern period. It presents ways in which ideas derived from economic thinking have been used to analyse more general topics in the history of Chinese society, such as its regional and spatial organisation. Lastly, it looks at the arguments about the condition of the Chinese economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. What were the effects of imperialist pressure and the imposition of an open trading regime?
  info.anu.edu.au/StudyAt/_Asian_Studies/Postgraduate/Courses/_ASIA6018.asp - August 9, 2004

• Sociological Dimensions of China's Economic Transition: Organization, Stratification, and Social Mobility , Walder, Andrew
  Despite skepticism about official economic statistics, there is little doubt that China since 1978 has undergone an economic transformation of historic proportions. This outcome stands in stark opposition to arguments that were once widely accepted in several scholarly communities, and which are still highly influential even today. In the early 1980s there was wide agreement that "partial" reform, under a single party dictatorship that sought indefinitely to preserve public ownership, was a recipe for failure. China specialists, students of comparative economic systems, and economists who advised governments and international agencies about postcommunist restructuring in Eurasia were initially in broad agreement on this point. Faced with the reality of two decades of rapid economic development, critical arguments about China have begun to shift. Some changed their position, and now suggest that the kind of growth one observes in China is somehow unhealthy a "hyper-growth" that is unbal-anced, destabilizing, and exploitative, certain to give rise to increasing levels of inequality, massive social disruption, and imminent political instability. Others argue that China's path is not sustainable that the policies and practices of the first decades will soon outlive their usefulness and lead to economic stagnation. A third group posits that while China may have achieved some success in the early years, the recent trend toward privatization and restructur-ing finally vindicates the original arguments of those who urged a rapid movement to private ownership and a radically diminished role of the party-state in economic management. There may be some merit in each of these arguments (though I am least sympathetic to the third). However, they all avoid the question of why such sustained and rapid growth occurred in the interim despite widespread agreement that the Chinese Communist Party was going about it all wrong. Economic growth of such historic magnitude should not be taken for granted, even if analysts correctly point out the ways in which China's political and economic institutions remain flawed and limited. The continuing critical commentaryreflects an unspoken consensus that reform and economic development are essentially about institutional design. But this reveals a large gap in thinking about economic reform. Identify-ing better institutions is only the first step. The hard part is figuring out how to move from the admittedly flawed institutions of central planning to more serviceable onesÑand whether or not severe hardship will accompany the process. Thinking about economic reform has always contained strong but largely unexamined assumptions about the structure of the polity, economy, and society in which it takes place, especially about the capabilities and interests of political elites. Many of these assumptions have proven poor guides to the past twenty years of Chinese economic history. My purpose in this paper is to identify the assumptions that have fallen by the wayside, and to show how this has helped China to escape some of the negative consequences predicted for its approach to economic reform.
  iis-db.stanford.edu/pubs/20208/Walder_Sociological.pdf - April 1, 2003

• SOE Reform: the road ahead , Zhang, Shuying
  China's Banking sector is known to harbor an enormous amount of bad debt, that makes China's financial system extremely fragile. The SOEs' low efficiency is considered as one of the most fundamental causes of this problem. After the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997 China has increased the pace of the SEO reform. After three years since start of the campaign aiming to make the most loss-making SOEs profitable, SOEs' profitability improved in 2000. It indicates a limited success of the campaign. As a consequence, the share of stated-owned sector in the country's economy is shrinking, while the non-state sector is expanding rapidly. Despite these developments, though, Chinese SOEs still face enormous challenges. This article seeks to present a broad review of issues faced by the SOE reform, and to offer several measures to tackle them.
  www.cass.net.cn/chinese/s30_rbs/english/publication/zhangsy-e2.htm - November 9, 2004

• South China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong: Emerging Colossus , Columbia University
  This course provides an understanding of the current and historical development of the southern Chinese region, including the extraordinary economic growth of the past two decades and the associated economic relations between South China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The course focuses on political, economic, and social developments beginning in the late 1970s and the 1980s with the institution of Deng Xiaoping's economic reforms in the PRC, the process of democratization in Taiwan, and Sino-British agreement on the 1997 reversion of sovereignty over Hong Kong.
  www.sipa.columbia.edu/CourseDescriptions/index.html - August 30, 2004

• The Cause and Cure of China's Widening Income Disparity , Chang, Gene H.
  In this article, Zhang uses an in-depth analysis of the Gini coefficient to determine the true cause of theÊsevere income disparity between rural and urban Chinese. While he admits that this problem is a serious one that cannot be easily resolved, he implies that in the long-run, China may be better off not addressing the sources of poverty directly, such a the huge labor surplus in agricultural areas. Instead, China needs to continue development of its urban areas, including job creation and urbanization, and prepare not to fight poverty but to provide welfare to those who are already suffering from this disparity.
  www.utoledo.edu/~gchang/publication/ChinaIncomeGap.pdf - March 21, 2005

• The Chinese Economy , Xiao, Geng
  This course reviews the economic transformation of the People's Republic of China and its implications. China's experiences are subjected to theoretical and empirical analysis of modern economics. The course covers structural and institutional changes as well as current debates on reform and policy. Topics include history, geography, population, rural reform, industrialization, urbanization, enterprise reform, foreign trade and investment, financial system, and regional development. The objective is to gain understanding on the working of the Chinese economy and its relations with the global economy. The course provides opportunities for students to apply economic theories to real world problems.
  www.econ.hku.hk/outline2003-04/econ6031s2.pdf - August 6, 2004

• The Chinese Economy , University of Hawaii at Manoa
  No course description at this site.
  www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/programs/chinese_courses.html - September 18, 2004

• The Economic History of Taiwan , Olds, Kelly
  The article is a very good introduction to history of Taiwan\'s developmentÊfrom the aboriginal times to the nationalist rule.
  eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=mosk.japan.final - March 7, 2005

• The Effect on the Financial Market Development from the Perspective of the Mainland China's State-owned Propoerty Rights , Lin, I-Chuan
  This is a Master's thesis, written in traditional Chinese, studying the effect on the financial market development from the perspective of the Mainland China's state-owned property rights.
  etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search/view_etd?URN=etd-0510100-131545 - May 10, 2000

• The FDI Paradox: China's Socialist Market Economy and the "Develop the West" Campaign , Saalman, Lora
  "The FDI Paradox: China's Socialist Market Economy and the "Develop the West" Campaign." Authored by Lora Saalman, May 23, 2004. Monterey Institute of International Studies
  gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/SaalmanPaper_2004-05-23.pdf - July 16, 2004

• The Main Points of Preparing the Opening to Private Banks in Mainland China , Wang, Chien-Chung
  After the 11th National Conference of China in December 1978 and the reform of economic policy of China, the private enterprises have dramatically changed the economic scale and industrial structure of Mainland China. The timing for opening to private banks. The risks for China�fs state-owned business banks are too concentrated, the pace for reforms in China�fs state-owned business banks is slow, the lack of adequate competitive environment is the main reason for state-owned business banks�f lack of motivation for reforms. Competition mechanism can be gradually established in China�fs financing area�CIt is a way that do small and medium-sized private enterprises find it very difficult to secure a loan when the balance is great between the interest rates for depositors and those for borrowers in bank. It is exist definitely after calculated the fund gap of private enterprises, and will the adverse impacts be on China�fs financial industry upon China�fs entry into WTO. To know the relationship between private banks and opening of financial sector. Pose the main points of prepare opening to private banks in Mainland China
  etd.lib.nsysu.edu.tw/ETD-db/ETD-search-c/view_etd?URN=etd-0625103-161116 - December 3, 2004

• The Rise of Greater China: Issues and Topics , University of Toronto
  This course looks at China in regional perspective, including issues of Taiwan, Hong Kong and People\'s Republic of China economic integration. The role of overseas Chinese communities globally and in Southeast Asia also receives attention. The form and focus of the course varies according to class and instructor interests.
  www.artsandscience.utoronto.ca/ofr/calendar/crs_eas.htm#EAS345H1 - January 17, 2005

• Topics in Economic Development: Chinese Economy , University of Pennsylvania
  This course surveys the development of the Chinese economy in the last half century with emphasis on the economic reform in the last two decades. The course will examine the current hybrid economic system that combines markets and planning in the context of China\'s social and economic history and cultural background.Ê The course will compare the Chinese economy with the economics of other former socialist countries and with the experience of industrialization in other nonsocialist Asian economies.The course will examine the agricultural sector, collective enterprises, and the financial and tax systems to understand the impact of economic reform on the Chinese people and China\'s position in the world economy.
  ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - September 21, 2004

• Topics in Economic Development: India and China , University of Pennsylvania
  This course examines the pre-reform economies of China, India, and to a lesser extent Bangladesh, Pakistan and Taiwan, from 1947 until various efforts of economic restructuring were undertaken. The pre-reform period takes about 1/3 of the course, the demographic-education-health and agricultural structures another 1/3 of the course, and the financial, industrial and international reforms take up the remainder of the course.
  ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - September 21, 2004

• Wang, Xiaojun , Center for Chinese Studies
  Dr. Wang is Assistant Professor of Economics at University of Hawai'i. Professor Wang's main research interests include macroeconomics, econometrics, and the Chinese economy. In particular, he has been working on recent labor market reforms in China.
  www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/community/faculty/wang_xiaojun.html - November 8, 2004

• Wei, Shang-Jin , The Brookings Institution
  Dr. Shang-Jin Wei is a senior fellow at The Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. He is an expert in international finance, U.S.-China economic integration and trade and in reform strategies in developing and transition economies. He has published widely in a number academic journals and is author, co-author, or co-editor of several books. Mr. Wei holds a PhD in economics and M.S. in finance from the University of California, Berkeley.
  www.brookings.edu/scholars/swei.htm - October 22, 2004

• Zhu, Wenhui , Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies
  Dr. Wenhui Zhu is a Visiting Fellow at the Center for Northeast Asian Policy Studies of the Brookings Institution in Washington, DC. His expertise is in the areas of China's WTO accession, China trade and FDI issues, China economy and regional development, China-Taiwan relations, and China-Hong Kong relations.
  www.brookings.edu/scholars/fellows/wzhu.htm - October 18, 2004

          BACK TO TOP

• Advanced Topics in Finance: Japanese Financial Management , University of Hawaii at Manoa
  Major current financial issues and problems. (C) Japanese financial management; (D) portfolio management theory; (E) capital asset analysis; (F) stocks, bonds, and modern instruments. Pre: BUS 617 or consent.
  www.catalog.hawaii.edu/courses/departments/fin.htm - September 18, 2004

• Economy of Japan , George Wahington University
  Analysis of Japanese economic institutions and their contribution to Japan's development.
  www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/grd_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

• Introduction to the Economy of Japan , George Washington University
  Analysis of the structure and growth of the Japanese economy.
  www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/ug_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

• Japanese Political Economy , Boston University
  No course description at this site.
  www.bu.edu/eas/courses.html - September 22, 2004

• Liew, Leong , Griffith University
  Associate Professor, Department of International Business & Asian Studies, Griffith University East Asian, especially Chinese and Japanese Political Economy International Business and Finance Applied Economic Modelling
  www.gu.edu.au/school/gbs/ibas/staff/leong_liew.html - November 11, 2004

• A Clash of Capitalisms: Foreign Shareholders and Coporate Restructuring in 1990s Japan , Ahmadjian, Christina L.; Robbins, Gregory E.
  Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This paper examines the conflict between stakeholder- and market-based business systems that resulted from an increase in foreign portfolio investment in the Japanese economy in the 1990’s. As foreign institutions, which were more interested in investment returns than in long-term relationships, replaced domestic shareholders, one of the fundamental pillars of Japan’s stakeholder capitalism began to crack, and Japanese firms began to adopt practices more characteristic of Anglo-American market economies. In an analysis of 1626 listed Japanese firms between 1990 and 1997, we found that foreign shareholders increased a firm’s propensity to downsize and divest assets. The effect of foreign shareholders was strongest among firms less integrated into the existing Japanese system—those with lower levels of shareholding by domestic corporations and financial institutions. There is little evidence that foreigners exerted pressure directly through shareholder activism. Rather, as firms’ resource dependencies shifted from domestic to foreign capital, their behavior shifted accordingly.
  www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

• Adams, Gerard F. , Northeastern University
  McDonald Professor, College of Business Administration, Northeastern University Geographic Regions: Japan, Thailand Research Areas: macroeconomics, growth, development, planning, fluctuations, quantitative economic methods and data, trade and economic relations, finance, foreign aid, investments, industry, agriculture, natural resources, energy and mineral issues.
  web.cba.neu.edu/~fgadams/ - November 17, 2004

• Aggarwal, Raj , Kent State University
  Firestone Chair in Finance, Graduate School of Management Kent State University Geographic Regions: ASEAN, Northeast Asia, Japan, South Asia, India, Southeast Asia, Singapore, Thailand Research Areas: banking, business issues, economics, finance, foreign investment, financial institutions and markets, industry, management, political economy, technology transfer, trade and economic relations
  business.kent.edu/dean/firestone/ - November 11, 2004

• Alexander, Arthur J. , Japan Economic Institute
  Arthur J. Alexander, President of the Japan Economic Institute in Washington, D.C. writes on topics such as Japan's civil aviation industry, Japanese technology, economic growth and international economic policy. Dr. Alexander holds a B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; a M.Sc. from the London School of Economics, and a Ph.D. in Economics from Johns Hopkins University.
  jei.org/AboutJEI/About_staff.html - October 11, 2004

• Aliber, Robert , University of Chicago
  Professor of International Economics and Finance, University of Chicago Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: external impact of policies, finance, financial policy and practices, growth, international economics
  portal.chicagogsb.edu/portal//server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_332_207_0_43/http%3B/portal.chicagogsb.edu/Facultycourse/Portlet/FacultyDetail.aspx?&min_year=20044&max_year=20053&person_id=151824 - November 11, 2004

• Anchordoguy, Marie , University of Washington
  Associate Professor, Chair, Japan Studies Jackson School of Interenational Studies, University of Washington. Courses: Readings in the Political Economy of Japan Japanese Business and Technology.
  faculty.washington.edu/anchor/ - October 6, 2004

• Anders, Gary Carson , Arizona State University West
  Professor, School of Management, Arizona State University West Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: economics, business issues, competitiveness policies, firm microeconomics
  www.west.asu.edu/icgca/ - November 11, 2004

• Asako, Kazumi , Hitotsubashi University
  Professor, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University Specialization Macroeconomics, Japanese Economy Current Research: Macroeconomics and empirical analysis of the Japanese economy. He is currently involved in projects on monetary and fiscal policies, statistical issues in identifying business cycles, and the sustainability of government deficits. His other areas of interest include: accumulation of social overhead capital, global warming, and policy measures for increasing the population of younger generations.
  www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/English/research/member/asako.html - November 8, 2004

• Asano, Yukihiro , Yokohama National University
  Faculty of Business Administration Yokohama National University Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: finance, economics
  www.business.ynu.ac.jp/kyoju/asano/index_e.html - November 11, 2004

• ASEAN-Japan Competitive Strategy , Yamazaka, Ippei; Hiratsuka, Daisuke, ed.
  IDE-JETRO and research institutes from ASEAN 5 plus Vietnam conducted a joint study. This volume analyses current status of ASEAN economies and Japan in terms of industrial competitiveness and presents tasks that each country has to tackle for industrial upgrading.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Sympro/023.html - November 16, 2004

• Asia Pacific Fusion: Japan's Role in APEC , Funabashi, Yoichi
  Japanese journalist Yoichi Funabashi has written the first in-depth study of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum based on extensive interviews with heads of state and government officials in the region. A key force behind APEC, he argues, is a potential \"fusion\" of Asia-Pacific civilizations propelled by the region s dynamic economic integration. He recounts APEC s six-year history, assesses its potential, and examines the power politics of the region. Released just before the Osaka summit hosted by Japan in November 1995, this book looks closely at Japan\'s interests in APEC and its relations with countries in the region. It provides an intellectual framework for the future evolution of APEC itself and for Japan\'s role in that institution.
  bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=21 - March 24, 2005

• Baxter, James C. , International Research Center for Japanese Studies
  Professor, International Research, Center for Japanese Studies Specialized Fields: Modern Japanese history Current Research Themes: Financial history; private-sector banks in modern Japan
  www.nichibun.ac.jp/research/staff1/James_C_BAXTER1_e.html - February 24, 2005

• Beagles, J.W. , Center for Strategic & International Studies
  Senior Associate, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, DC Expertise: U.S.-Japan relations, international trade and finance
  www.csis.org/experts/4beagles.htm - March 31, 2005

• Beechler, Schon K. , Columbia University
  Associate Professor, School of Business ; director of the Senior Executive Program Professor Beechler is currently involved in two major research efforts. The first is a project to measure the impact of executive education training on the global strategic leadership and management competencies of global senior executives. The second is entitled “Organizational Competitiveness: Exploring the Roles of Human Resource Management and Organization Culture in Multinational Corporations,” and is funded by the National Science Foundation.
  www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/faculty/beechler.html - January 17, 2005

• Beresford, Martin D. , Nichibei Associates
  President, Nichibei Associates, San Francisco Geographic Regions: Northeast Asia, Japan Research Areas: foreign investment, trade and economic relations
  www.nichibeiamerica.com/pages/Beresford.html - November 17, 2004

• Bienen, Henry S. , Northwestern University
  President, Northwestern University Expertise: U.S.-Japan Policy
  www.northwestern.edu/president/ - November 21, 2004

• Bones, Bombs and Break Points , Davis, Donald R.; Weinstein, David E.
  Note: In order to access the paper, select publications from the Menu on the left and choose Working Papers. We consider the distribution of economic activity within a country in light of three leading theories: increasing returns, random growth, and locational fundamentals. To do so, we examine the distribution of regional population in Japan from the Stone Age to the modern era. We also consider the Allied bombing of Japanese cities in WWII as a shock to relative city sizes. Our results support a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals establish the spatial pattern of relative regional densities, but increasing returns may help to determine the degree of spatial differentiation. One implication of our results is that even large temporary shocks to urban areas have no long-run impact on city size.
  www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

• Branstetter, Lee , Columbia University
  Associate Professor of Business, Finance and Economics Division He conducts research in the fields of international economics and industrial organization, with a special focus on the economies of East Asia, particularly Japan . He also maintains a strong interest in the economic analysis of technological innovation. His recent research papers have examined foreign direct investment, international technology diffusion and technology promotion policy.
  www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/faculty/branstetter.html - January 17, 2005

• Brinton, Mary C. , Harvard University
  Reischauer Institute Professor of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Research interests: Gender stratification, labor market organization, education, economic sociology, and Japanese society. She is currently working on a comparative project on the high school-work transition in Japan and the U.S., based on original field research and data collection in Japan. The project uses historical materials, interviews with high school teachers, survey data from employers, and a variety of quantitative data to analyze how the Japanese school-work transition system operates and to assess it from the viewpoints of meritocracy and labor market efficiency.
  www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/brinton/ - November 10, 2004

• Center on Japanese Economy and Business , Columbia University
  Columbia University established the Center on Japanese Economy and Business at the Graduate School of Business in April 1986 under the direction of Professor Hugh Patrick. The central mission of the Center has been to enhance understanding of the Japanese and Asia Pacific economies and their business, financial and managerial systems. An important focus is on Japan