• A Learning Focus in Monitoring and Evaluating of Capacity Building: an example of a Participatory Technology Development Project , Wilkes, Andreas
  Quoted from abstract: "The Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge's Agro-pastoral Livelihood project aims to work with communities to develop relevant and effective technological and institutional innovations that can support local livelihoods. This process of technology development produces not only technologies but also new knowledge about the relevance and management of those technologies. To evaluate the impacts of the technology development process in one project site, we [CBIK] conducted an evaluation that covered both evaluation of technologies and evaluation of the learning that had taken place... This paper focuses on the lessons from the evaluation of learning processes."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP6%20ENGL.pdf - April 1, 2004

• A Study of Rattan Resource Management in Mengsong , Li, Zhinan & Yu, Bin
  The positive role that traditional culture can play in sustainable and effective resource management has received scant attention. More often, traditional culture is neglected when we look at today's impact on the environment and its current reality that communities face. This case study examines traditional resource management practices of the Hani minority in Mengsong. The study found: 1) By the end of 1980s rattan's popularity had grown and the rattan market became open to outside businessmen. Increasingly, local leaders and outside entrepreneurs exploited and inevitably depleted natural rattan resources. 2) On the other hand, the local culture has been preserved through private rattan cultivation by Mengsong villagers who utilize sustainable practices. The authors propose that further examinination of traditional rattan cultivation will help in finding a practical application of resource management. The authors also suggest resource management and related policies should include local villagers' direct involvement since it affects their livelihoods and places demands on their indigenous culture.
  www.cbik.org/cbik-cn/cbik/our_work/download/rattan%20governance%20in%20mengsong.pdf - April 1, 2005

• A Systematic Approach to Representing Local Knowledge: the use of Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit in Action Research on Rumex nepalensis , Shen, Shicai & Wilkes, Andreas
  Quoted from abstract: "This paper reports the use of the Agro-ecological Knowledge Toolkit (AKT) in action research on Rumex nepalensis Spreng., an invasive broadleaf plant found in alpine rangelands in NW Yunnan. The focus of this paper is on our experiences of developing a knowledge base using AKT software as part of our on-going research. Section 1 presents the origins of our research on local knowledge concerning Rumex nepalensis. Section 2 presents the AKT approach to research on local knowledge. Section 3 describes some of the procedures we used in developing the knowledge base and provides tips for other first time users. The final section discusses the potential uses of the knowledge base in our on-going action research project."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP3%20ENGL.pdf - January 1, 2004

• An Analysis of Household Livelihoods in Tuomunan Village, Xianggelila County, NW Yunnan , Zheng, Lisia
  Quoted from abstract: "This paper reports the results of a household survey in Tuomunan Village. The survey focused on household livelihoods and the roles of different assets. The survey found that the household can be divided into 'agriculture-dependant', 'livestock-dependant' and 'truck driving dependant' livelihood strategies. The paper analyzes some of the correlations between different assets holdings in order to explain why households may adopt for different livelihood strategies."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP5%20ENGL.pdf - March 1, 2004

• Animal Husbandry and Resource Utilization in a Yi Community in Xiaolingshan, Ninglang County, Yunnan , Zheng, Chengjun
  Quoted from English version's abstract: "Upland farming and animal husbandry are both traditional productive activities among the Yi people in the Liangshan area. Historically, livestock have been the main case income source for local Yi people, and play important roles in economy, culture and other aspects of livelihoods in the community. Forty year after Liberation, many changes have taken place, including reforms of political and economic institutions as well as changes in the tenure arrangements for mountains, forest and grassland. In recent years, the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Programme has had strong impacts on traditional livestock raising and rangeland management patterns. Through a case study of one Yi community, this paper examines traditional rangeland management practices, existing conflicts and problems, and the impacts of tenure system change on rangeland management and livestock raising patterns."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Zheng%202000%20CHIN.pdf - April 1, 2000

• Animal Husbandry and Resource Utilization in Yi community in Xialiangshan, Ninglang County, Yunnan , Zheng, Chengjun
  Quoted from abstract: "Upland farming and animal husbandry are both traditional productive activities among the Yi people in the Liangshan area. Historically, livestock have been the main case income source for local Yi people, and play important roles in economy, culture and other aspects of livelihoods in the community. Forty year after Liberation, many changes have taken place, including reforms of political and economic institutions as well as changes in the tenure arrangements for mountains, forest and grassland. In recent years, the implementation of the Natural Forest Protection Programme has had strong impacts on traditional livestock raising and rangeland management patterns. Through a case study of one Yi community, this paper examines traditional rangeland management practices, existing conflicts and problems, and the impacts of tenure system change on rangeland management and livestock raising patterns."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Zheng%202000%20ENGL%20(draft).pdf - April 1, 2000

• Bamboo Sprouts After the Rain: The History of University Student Environmental Associations in China , Lu, Hongyan
  Since 1990, Chinese university student environmental associations (SEAs) have rapidly increased in number. While concerns for the growing environmental degradation in China motivated students to create these green groups, Chinese environmental nongovernmental organizations, universities, local governments, and the news media have assisted SEA development. Student groups also are receiving assistance from eight citywide or regional green student networks, which are playing active roles as information providers, mini-grant distributors, and regional activity initiators. Two extensive surveys of Chinese SEAs reveal that in the late 1990s these groups expanded their scope of activities, but faced many challenges in finding funds and improving internal management capacity. Notably, after years of working to strengthen their groups and develop creative activities, SEA student leaders have acquired not only strong organizing skills but also environmental literacy and passion that they will integrate into their work as China\'s new generation of officials, teachers, entrepreneurs, reporters, and NGOs leaders.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/5-feature_4.pdf - August 1, 2003

• Boland, Alana , University of Toronto
  Dr. Alana Boland's research interests are in the areas of environment and development, political geography, and the geography of China. Current research focuses on urban water policy in China's largest cities and the changing roles of state and market institutions in the management of resources and in the provision of public services.
  www.geog.utoronto.ca/info/faculty/Boland.htm - October 29, 2004

• Chang, Sen-dou , Center for Chinese Studies
  Sen-dou Chang is Professor of Geography at University of Hawaii. Professor Chang's research interests include issues and prospects of the current Chinese policies on resource utilization and environmental quality. In recent years, he presented papers at international conferences on urbanization and water management in China. During the summers of 1993 and 1994, he led two Asian Studies Development Program-sponsored study tours to China for university and college faculty members.
  www.chinesestudies.hawaii.edu/community/faculty/chang_sen-dou.html - November 5, 2004

• China's Go West Campaign: Ecological Construction or Ecological Exploitation , Economy, Elizabeth
  (Article begins on page 5 of PDF) China\'s \"Go West\" campaign is designed to raise living standards in the largely impoverished western region of the country and more tightly integrate the border autonomous region of Tibet and Xinjiang with the rest of the country. The campaign harkens back to Maoist, and even Imperial, approaches to development and national security, embracing large-scale infrastructure projects and mass mobilization efforts. Traditionally, these grand-scale campaigns wreaked havoc on the natural environment. However, China\'s leaders are betting that by embracing \"ecological construction\" as one of the major tenets of the Go West campaign, they can avoid the environmental excesses of their predecessors and protect the already fragile ecology of the region. Early indications, however, are that the substance of the Chinese leaders\' commitment to environmental protection is lagging far behing its rhetoric, raising serious concern among Chinese experts and environmentalists as to the environmental and economic future of the West.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3C5.pdf - August 1, 2002

• China: Environmental Protection and Global Cooperation , Zhou, Fengqi
  China's explosive economic growth has created enormous environmental destruction and needs rapid attention. A raft of recent policy initiatives has helped, but much more is needed, especially an increase in the use of clean-coal technologies and the gradual phasing in of natural gas. It must also be recognized that this is a global problem that demands global solutions and careful consideration by the world's developed nations.
  www.nira.go.jp/publ/review/2001winter/fengqi.pdf - December 1, 2001

• China: Environmental Protection and Global Cooperation , Zhou, Fengqi
  China\'s explosive economic growth has created enormous environmental destruction and needs rapid attention. A raft of recent policy initiatives has helped, but much more is needed, especially an increase in the use of clean-coal technologies and the gradual phasing in of natural gas. It must also be recognized that this is a global problem that demands global solutions and careful consideration by the world\'s developed nations.
  www.nira.go.jp/publ/review/2001winter/fengqi.pdf - December 1, 2001

• Collective Management of Improved Forage in Zhongdian County, Deqin, Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Northwest Yunnan, P.R. China , Xie, Hongyan; Richard, Camille; Xu, Jianchu; and Wang, Jianhua
  Quoted from summary: "Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is located in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River in Yunnan Province. Due to the implementation of the logging ban in this area, the industry structure of Deqin has changed, with a growing interest and income in tourism, animal husbandry, biological resources and hydro-electricity. Animal husbandry has a long history locally and is the major livelihood base in Deqin Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture; therefore, the logging ban provides a good opportunity for its further development. At present there are problems in improving animal husbandry. One of the most serious problems is the lack of forage to support increasing herd numbers and the subsequent degradation of grasslands due to over-grazing, especially winter pastures near settlements... Based on one year's intensive field surveys in pilot communities of Zhongdian County of Deqin Prefecture, the present situation and associated issues relating to the use of artificial grasslands are discussed. Some suggestions on local animal husbandry are also presented."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Xie%20et%20al%202001.pdf - April 1, 2001

• Crouching Suspicions, Hidden Potential: United States Environmental and Energy Cooperation with China , Baldinger, P. and Turner, J.
  As stated in the authors\' executive summary: \"This paper explores the opportunities and challenges for the United States to develop a coherent approach to energy and environmental relations with China. This exploration begins with an overview of China\'s impact on global energy markets and environmetal quality. In addition to examining the scope of such cooperation, the paper discusses commercial opportunities and challenges for U.S. environmental technology and energy efficiency companies in China.\"
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3D3.pdf - August 1, 2002

• Environment and Environmental Studies in China , Georgetown University
  Course Lists of the Department of Environmental Studies.
  www.georgetown.edu/undergrad/bulletin/208courses.html - September 21, 2004

• Environmental Awareness in Developing Countries , Nishihara, Sigeki at al.
  The volume provides a comprehensive discussion of the environmental degradation on the global scale andÊthe discource of North-South relations, and case-studies of China and Thailand.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Des/003.html - November 16, 2004

• Foreign Technology in China's Automobile Industry: Implications for Energy, Economic Development, and Environment , Sims Gallagher, Kelly
  Although there are still relatively few cars in China today, with the accession to the World Trade Organization demand for passenger cars is expected to grow substantially during the coming decades. To tap into this exploding market and acquire more advanced technology, all the major Chinese auto manufacturers have established joint ventures with foreign companies. This paper explores the role of foreign automakers--particularly the Big Three (Ford, General Motors, and DaimlerChrysler)--in transferring technology. Although these foreign firms have helped to modernize the automobiles on the road today, emissions control and fuel efficiency technology installed in Chinese cars is considerably behind European, Japanese, and U.S. levels. Foreign firms and the Chinese government share the responsibility to correct this laggardness.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/2-feature_1.pdf - September 1, 2003

• Governing Marine and Coastal Environment in China: Building Local Government Capacity Through International Cooperation , Chen, Sulan & Uitto, Juha
  Over the past two decades, rapid economic growth has brought considerable wealth and development to China\'s eastern provinces, where the explosion of industrialization and urbanization has created severe environmental degradation along the country\'s 20,000-kilometer coastline. Damage to China\'s coasts is but one area of severe environmental degradation in China, for the quest for economic growth at any cost has had equally dramatic consequences on the quality of the air, land, and water throughout the country. The Chinese government has resorted to two channels--increased local autonomy and international assistance--to address the country\'s environmental degradation. Since the 1980s, the Chinese leadership has been turning to the international community for financial and technical assistance to supplement its environmental protection efforts. In China, as in other developing countries, international and bilateral organizations offering environmental protection assistance interact mainly with national-level governments and organizations. International involvement in community-level environmental initiatives has been dominated by nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). The middle-level agents--Chinese local governments, which ultimately implement all environmental policies--have largely been ignored by international organizations. This paper highlights the importance of local-level governance for China\'s environmental protection and explores why it is essential for international organizations to help increase the capacity of local governance of China\'s coastal and marine environment. Linking these more empowered local governments with international assistance could fundamentally change the way in which China deals with environmental challenges.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/6-feature_5.pdf - August 1, 2003

• He Oliver, Hongyan , Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
  Hongyan He Oliver is a Research Fellow with the Energy Technology Innovation Project (ETIP) at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. She holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Policy and Management from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University. Her research interests include environmentally friendly technology development and transfer, environmental and energy policy design, program implementation evaluation, industrial environmental management, and sustainability development in developing countries. Her dissertation, Implementing Cleaner Production at Industries through City-level Programs in China, explains program implementation outcomes by examining the incentives and behaviors of implementing agencies and industries in their particular economic, political, and organizational contexts. In addition to her research at Stanford, she also worked for the Delaware River Basin Commission on the impacts of climate change on the Basin, and the National Resource Defense Council on its sustainable energy projects in China. Before coming to the States in 1999, she had obtained an M.S. in Environmental Economics and Policy and a B.S. in Urban and Environmental Studies from Peking University. She was engaged in the research on the use of marketed-based instruments for phasing out ozone depleting substances in China and several training courses on environmental economics and policy design in China.
  bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/person.cfm?order_by=&program=CORE&ln=full&item_id=850 - November 1, 2004

• Inventory of Environmental Work in China , Woodrow Wilson Center
  This inventory aims to paint a clearer picture of the patterns of aid and investment in environmental protection and energy-efficiency projects in the People\'s Republic of China. The inventory highlights a total of 118 organizations and agencies in this inventory and provide information on 359 projects. The five categories of the inventory are Part I: U.S. Government Environmental and Energy Activities; Part II: U.S. and International Nongovernmental Organization Activities; Part III: U.S. Universities and Professional Associations; Part IV: Chinese and Hong Kong Environmental NGO Activities; Part V: Bilateral Government Activities.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3CD.pdf - August 1, 2002

• Is China Taking Actions to Limit its Greenhous Gas Emissions? , Zhang, ZhongXiang
  As the world's second largest carbon emitter, China has long been criticised as a "free-rider" enjoying the benefits from other country's efforts toward abating greenhouse gas emissions but without taking due responsibilities of its own. It has been singled out as the major target at the subsequent negotiations after the Kyoto curtain had fallen. By analyzing the historical contributions of inter-fuel switching, energy conservation, economic growth and population expansion to China\'s carbon dioxide emissions during the period 1980-97, this article first indicates that the above criticism cannot hold its ground. Then the article envisions some efforts and commitments that could be expected from China until its per capita income catches up with the level of middle-developed countries. With their focus on the win-win strategies, these efforts and commitments could be unlikely to severely jeopardize the Chinese economic development and, at the same time, give China more leverage at the post-Kyoto climate change negotiations.
  www.weathervane.rff.org/refdocs/zhang_china.pdf - August 20, 1998

• Local Environment Management in China , Beach, Marilyn
  Quoted from the author: "For the past 20 years, China's most pressing imperative has been economic development. This priority has driven all policy decision-making in all sectors, and environmental policy has been no exception. The Chinese leadership considers maintaining high employment rates and increasing income as key requirements in the quest for a strong economy, a stable society, and not least of all, the survival fo the Communist party. Yet unregulated industrialization and urbanization, combined with the absence of effective environmental protection mechanisms have created worsening environmental conditions in China. While Chinese leaders at the central, provincial, and local levels clearly recognize the compelling need to deal with burgeonig environmental concerns, they struggle with the natural tension that exits between facilitating economic growth and promoting a healthy environment."
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3D9.pdf - January 1, 2000

• New Partners or Old Brothers?: GONGOs in Transnational Environmental Advocacy in China , Wu, Fengshi
  Chinese government organized nongovernmental organizations (GONGOs) have been viewed by most China scholars and international agencies simply as extended organs of the government. The GONGO sector in China--particularly in the environmental sphere--is quite diverse in terms of political independence and strength. Moreover, GONGOs are distinctive from the government and NGOs in that they straddle and sometimes bridge the worlds of governmental agencies and NGOs. In this paper, seven brief case studies illustrate the Chinese government\\\'s rationales in fostering environmental GONGOs and how in the 1990s these GONGOs developed in ways unforeseen by the government. Specifically, GONGOs have obtained some organizational autonomy from state control and some green GONGOs have opted to cooperate with local environmental NGOs in China. Access to international environmental communities and building organizational capacity are two factors that contributed most to the increase in GONGO autonomy.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3C9.pdf - August 1, 2002

• Oliver, Hongyan He , Oliver, Hongyan He
  Hongyan He Oliver is a Research Fellow with the Energy Technology Innovation Project (ETIP) at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. She holds a Ph.D. in Environmental Policy and Management from the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Stanford University. Her research interests include environmentally friendly technology development and transfer, environmental and energy policy design, program implementation evaluation, industrial environmental management, and sustainability development in developing countries. Her dissertation, Implementing Cleaner Production at Industries through City-level Programs in China, explains program implementation outcomes by examining the incentives and behaviors of implementing agencies and industries in their particular economic, political, and organizational contexts. In addition to her research at Stanford, she also worked for the Delaware River Basin Commission on the impacts of climate change on the Basin, and the National Resource Defense Council on its sustainable energy projects in China. Before coming to the States in 1999, she had obtained an M.S. in Environmental Economics and Policy and a B.S. in Urban and Environmental Studies from Peking University. She was engaged in the research on the use of marketed-based instruments for phasing out ozone depleting substances in China and several training courses on environmental economics and policy design in China.
  bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/person.cfm?order_by=name&program=CORE&ln=full&item_id=850 - October 28, 2004

• One Country, Two Systems, One Smog: Cross-Boundary Air Pollution Policy Challenges for Hong Kong and Guangdong , Hopkinson, L. & Stern, Rachel
  Rapid development of the Pearl River Delta has led to worsening regional air quality. In the last five years, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and Guangdong governments have taken some tentative, yet crucial steps, towards addressing regional air pollution. In 2002, the two governments published a landmark joint study on cross-boundary air pollution, which recommended a number of measures to meet target reductions in air pollutants. In another promising development, the two governments also are considering a pilot emissions trading scheme. However, the two sides remain reluctant to include the public in decision-making despite nongovernmental projects like the Hong Kong and Pearl River Delta Monitoring Study that show the value of collaboration among different stakeholders. Experiences from the U.S.-Mexico border, a region facing similar problems as the Pearl River Delta, help indicate possible paths forward. Addressing regional air pollution in the Hong Kong-Pearl River Delta region will require creating new institutions to provide funding, raise public awareness, and lobby for change. The public must be involved in the design and execution of these institutions. Greater opportunity for public support will both facilitate more rapid reduction of air pollution and lower the social costs of cuts in emissions.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/3-feature_2.pdf - August 1, 2003

• Pesticides in China: A Growing Threat to Food Safety, Public Health, and the Environment , Hamburger, Jessica
  (Article begins on page 17 of PDF) Over time, pesticides tend to create more pest problems than they solve, causing increased crop losses as well as health and environmental damage. While Chinese farmers bear the brunt of illnesses caused by the country\'s growing reliance on pesticides, the world\'s consumers are also at risk. The Chinese government has banned some of the worst pesiticides, but overall use continues to climb. Efforts to reduce pesticide use or even ensure quality control have been undermined by conflicts of interest inherent in the agricultural extension and pesticide supervision systems. Government agencies have pursued a variety of schemes to promote the production of food with little to no pesticide residues, but this work affects only a small proportion of the total food supply. The Chinese government needs to take bold and decisive steps to free Chinese farmers from the pesticide treadmill and improve the safety of its food.
  www.wilsoncenter.org/topics/pubs/ACF3C7.pdf - August 1, 2002

• Pollution Charge, Community Pressure and Abatement Cost: An Analysis of Chinese Industries , Wang, Hua
  This paper evaluates the strengh of community pressure and pollution charge on industrial pollution control in China and estimates the marginal pollution abatement cost. A well documented plant-level data set is examined and combined with a community-level data set, which allows for a careful assessment of the impact of pollution charge instrument and community pressure on industrial behavior in China.
  www.worldbank.org/nipr/work_paper/hua/costcurvewp.pdf - January 1, 2000

• Rangeland Resources and Livelihoods in the Dimaluo Valley, Gongshan County, Yunnan, China , Song, Yuan; Wilkes, Andreas; Luo, Rongfen; Li, Jinming; and Ji, Yunheng
  Quoted from the author's introduction: "This paper reports on the findings of field surveys and research in Dimaluo village, Gongshan county, in NW Yunnan. The research on which this paper is based covered a wide range of topics, such as household economics, biodiversity, and indigenous technical practices and knowledge relating to livestock and rangeland management. By combining the main results of these separate surveys, this paper presents an overview of how the inhabitants of Dimaluo make their livelihoods, their interactions with natural resources and the current challenges they face."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/Song%20et%20al%20nd.pdf - April 3, 2005

• Sims Gallagher, Kelly , Tufts University
  Kelly Sims Gallagher is a Research Fellow in Science, Technology, and Public Policy at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University and a PhD Candidate in International Affairs at the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, Tufts University. Her research focuses on energy cooperation between the United States and China. During the past year she was a teaching assistant at Tufts University and teaching fellow at Harvard University. Formerly, she was the Science Policy Director of Ozone Action in Washington, DC. She has participated in more than a dozen rounds of international negotiations on global climate change and ozone depletion and was an advisor to CNN in Kyoto and Buenos Aires for the climate negotiations. She was previously a Truman Scholar in the Office of Vice President Gore and also worked in strategic planning at the international engineering and construction firm, Fluor Daniel. She holds a Masters of Arts in Law & Diplomacy from the Fletcher School, and an AB in international affairs and environmental studies from Occidental College.
  fletcher.tufts.edu/phd/students/gallagher.html - October 28, 2004

• State Simplification and Access Issues on Farming Land in Upland Community , Qian, Jie and Xu, Jianchu
  Quoted from author's abstract: "By using key informant interviews and direct observation, the study tries to find out the issue of farmer's access to farming land related to government policies particularly the Slopping Land Conversion Program, and how the local people respond to such policies based on their livelihood strategies. Access to land in rural area is unequal and limited by state land policies and local power relations, which becomes the major factor to result in the different access and conflict to land. In the macro level, state is strong to initiate the simplified policies, but in the local level, state is weak to implement the policies efficiently and effectively regards to local diverse conditions and differentiated actors. The community is not homogeneous. The diversity of livelihood in the village results in the different responses to the state's land policies, particularly SLCP. The conflicts on land access are generated by state simplification to local livelihood in the community level."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/State%20Simplification.pdf - January 19, 2004

• Study of Beijing's Air Quality Control & Atmospheric Pollution Reduction Mechanisms , Guo, Yincheng & Teng, Shulong
  This report focuses on Beijing\'s air quality control mechanisms currently in place and discusses some of the effective measures that need to be taken in order to ensure that Beijing\'s pollution problems will be under control by the time of the Summer Olympic Games in 2008.Ê The report also shows that the coordination of a healthy environment and a strong economy promote Beijing\'s overall development goals.Ê
  www.efchina.org/documents/PolluteContrl_CN.pdf - March 8, 2005

• Sun, Guodong , Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs
  Dr. Guodong Sun is a Research Fellow in the Science, Technology, and Public Policy Program. He applies tools and insights from engineering, natural science, economics, and management science to address policy issues in energy systems, environmental pollution control, and technology-policy interactions, paying particular attention to China.
  bcsia.ksg.harvard.edu/person.cfm?order_by=&program=CORE&ln=full&item_id=398 - November 1, 2004

• The Benefit and Conflict of Water Harvesting in the Dynamic Process of Damaidi Village , Li, Zhinan
  Quoted from abstract: "During the dynamic process of Damaidi village, local population increased, family structure declined, and diverse livelihood strategies such as labor migration, tea cultivation, livestock feeding etc., emerged. These livelihood strategies induced local differentiation in terms of gender as well as new and old power holders. In this context, water harvesting achieved such benefits as reducing the labor performed by women, improving the maize yield and encouraging local tea plantation. However, since the struggle between power holders, there is still an existing water conflict between water used for irrigation and water used for drinking. The benefit of water harvesting can contribute more to local poor and women's practical gender needs, but it is uncertain what it can contribute to women's strategic gender needs."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/resource/download/WaterHarvesting.pdf - April 1, 2000

• The Determinants of Government Environmental Performance: An Analysis of Chinese Townships , Wang, Hua & Di, Wenhua
  This paper explores the determinants of government environmental performance at a local level. Chinese township governments, the lowest level of governments in the Chinese hierarchical government structure, are selected for this exercise. The performance indicators employed in the analyses include the efforts of enforcing government environmental regulations and the efforts of providing environmental services to polluting enterprises. The performance determinants identified include environmental performance of upper-level governments, local development status, industrial employment, income of workers in polluting enterprises, local environmental quality, public pressure for environmental quality improvement, etc. A survey of 85 townships and interviews of 151 township government leaders were conducted in three provinces of China. The statistical results are reported in this paper. Policy implications are discussed.
  www.worldbank.org/nipr/china/TOWN-journal.htm - September 1, 2002

• The link between grazing and distribution of Rumex nepalensis in a sub-alpine rangeland in NW Yunnan , Willson, A. Melick, D. and Shen, S.
  Quoted from abstract: "Rumex nepalensis is a Himalayan Dock the distribution of which has been expanding in alpine and sub-alpine rangelands in the mountainous regions of NW Yunnan, China. This plant is unpalatable to livestock. This paper reports the results of a vegetation survey in the Sewalongba Valley, an important rangeland for many of the villagers of Dimaluo, in Gongshan County, northwest Yunnan, China... The need to investigate the ecology of this species and to address other environmental degradation issues is particularly pressing in light of government intentions to further increase the livestock numbers in these rural areas."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP8%20ENG.pdf - June 1, 2004

• The Spatial Distribution of Rumex Nepalensis in a Sub-alpine Rangeland in NW Yunnan , Melick, D., Shen, S. and Willson, A.
  Quoted from English version's abstract: "Rumex nepalensis is a Himalayan Dock the distribution of which has been expanding in alpine and sub-alpine rangelands in the mountainous regions of NW Yunnan, China. This plant is unpalatable to livestock. This paper reports the results of a vegetation survey in the Sewalongba Valley, an important rangeland for many of the villagers of Dimaluo, in Gongshan County, northwest Yunnan, China... The need to investigate the ecology of this species and to address other environmental degradation issues is particularly pressing in light of government intentions to further increase the livestock numbers in these rural areas."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-cn/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP8%20CHIN.pdf - July 1, 2004

• Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to Understand Agro-pastoralist Livelihoods in NW Yunnan , Wilkes, Andreas
  Quoted from author: "The Sustainable Livelihoods (SL) Framework was developed as a means for understanding livelihoods and the potential contributions that development agencies can make to improve the livelihoods of the poor and to strengthen the sustainability of their livelihoods (Carney 1998: 4).... This paper presents an analysis of the livelihoods of agro-pastoralists in one of [the Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge] CBIK's project sites, Dimaluo Village in Nujiang Prefecture. It shows that a variety of assets are crucial in maintaining livelihoods. A better understanding of livelihood assets and processes can be useful in identifying more relevant interventions that differ from some of the conventional interventions made by projects in agro-pastoralist areas and in the animal husbandry sector."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP2%20ENGL.pdf - September 1, 2003

• Using the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework to Understand Agro-pastoralist Livelihoods in NW Yunnan , Wilkes, Andrew
  Quoted from author's English version: "The Sustainable Livelihoods (SL) Framework was developed as a means for understanding livelihoods and the potential contributions that development agencies can make to improve the livelihoods of the poor and to strengthen the sustainability of their livelihoods (Carney 1998: 4).... This paper presents an analysis of the livelihoods of agro-pastoralists in one of [the Center for Biodiversity and Indigenous Knowledge] CBIK's project sites, Dimaluo Village in Nujiang Prefecture. It shows that a variety of assets are crucial in maintaining livelihoods. A better understanding of livelihood assets and processes can be useful in identifying more relevant interventions that differ from some of the conventional interventions made by projects in agro-pastoralist areas and in the animal husbandry sector."
  www.cbik.org/cbik-en/cbik/our_work/download/CBIK%20WP2.pdf - September 1, 2004

• Value of Forest Resources in a Miao Community of Jinduo Natural Village, Yunlong County, Yunnan Province , Solenne, Taveau & Wang, Wei
  Quoted from the authors' summary: "This paper reports on a preliminary socio-economic study of Jinduo, a small Miao Village (population approximately 180), in Luquan, Northeastern Yunnan. Jinduo is a rural subsistence community in which most income is derived from livestock, agriculture and collection of a variety of non-timber forest products (NTFP). The income streams of these communities are of interest since they have been affected by shifting policies, which have influenced land-us practices such as alterations to land tenure and the imposition of a commercial logging ban... Although villagers in Jindao clearly appreciated the need to conserve the forest, there was a lack of understanding about the way in which forest protection was managed by the government (i.e. wood quota and allowed timber use). Suggestions are made that clearly articulating villager's rights and obligations and allowing special zones for the collection of leaf litter for fertilizers may be useful. In addition, it is clear that the non-timber forest product resource needs to be carefully managed and the share of profits to villagers increased, as collection of these products is one of the few ways that this community may be able to increase their incomes."
  cbik.org/cbik-cn/cbik/our_work/download/Valueofforest.pdf - February 1, 2005

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• Development and the Environment , Kojima, Reeitsu
  The volume provides an extensive discussion of the issues of economic development and environamental degradation. It uses examples of Japan and Industrializing Asia.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Des/001.html - November 16, 2004

• Kanie, Norichika , Tokyo Institute of Technology
  Ms. Kanie is currently an  Associate Professor of the Department of Value and Decision Science, Graduate School of Decision Science and Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology. She recieved a Ph.D. in Media and Governance from Keio University. Professor Kanie published multiple works in Japanese and English on sustainable development and environment.
  www.valdes.titech.ac.jp/~kanie/indexe.htm - October 14, 2004

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• Darst, Robert G. , University of Massachusetts at Dartmouth
  Professor Darst is a specialist in international relations and environmental politics.ÊÊHe is the author of the book "Smokestack Diplomacy: Cooperation and Conflict in East-West Environmental Politics"(MIT Press), andÊhe has published artciles in the "Journal of Refugee Studies", theÊ"Journal of Human Rights", and other journals.His most recent work, "The Samaritan’s Dilemma: The Strategic Exploitation of Resource Transfers in International Humanitarian and Environmental Politics" is under journal review.He is currently studying the international controversy surrounding the export of radioactive waste to the Russian Federation.
  www.umassd.edu/cas/polisci/darst.cfm - November 2, 2004

• Dawson, Jane , Connecticut College
  Professor Dawson received her A.B. in Chemistry and Russian from Bryn Mawr, an M.A. in Chemistry from Harvard, and M.A. in Soviet Studies from The Johns Hopkins University and her Ph.D. in Political Science from the University of California-Berkeley. Her dissertation, "Social Mobilization in Post-Leninist Societies: The Rise and Fall of the Anti-Nuclear power Movement in the USSR," is a fascinating study of the emergence of environmental activism in the USSR in the Gorbachev period, which offers an intriguing explanation of how and why it ultimately took the form of nationalist mobilization against Soviet rule. The dissertation was published as a book titled "Eco-Nationalism: Antinuclear Activism and National Identity in Russian, Lithuania, and Ukraine," and awarded the 1997 Marshall Shulman Book Prize. In addition to this book, she published a number of articles in refereed journals, and has been an active presenter and participant at professional conferences. She is currently embarking on a much more ambitious global study, examining in greater detail how environmentalism may be linked to a variety of subgroup identities across a broad spectrum of political settings and the implications of this linkage for the achievement of domestic and international environmental policy objectives.
  camel2.conncoll.edu/academics/web_profiles/dawson.html - November 2, 2004

• Energy and Environment in the Former Soviet Republics and Eastern Europe , Chandler
  Energy is a critical element in the reform of the economies of the former communist states, which has led to wrenching shifts in long-established production, consumption and trade patterns. The energy sector is also a key contributor to the environmental disaster in the region. In this course students will develop a greater understanding of the energy situation and related environmental problems of this important area. Also addresses current policy issues.
  www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/res/courses.html - September 20, 2004

• Forest Sector of Khabarovskiy Krai: Principal Orientation of Development , Sheingauz, Alexander S.
  The state use and restoration of forest resources in the Khabarovskiy Krai are considered. The state of utilizing them industries is analyzed, and principal orientation of development and improvement of the krai's forest sector are proposed. The main concept of the further development is its sustainability, transition to resource saving and full multiple use of forest resources. Recommendations for working up a program of the krai's forest sector development are given. Intended for management and producing units staffs, for business persons, researchers, university and college readers and instructors, post-graduate and undergraduate students.
  www.ecrin.ru/articles.asp?id=150 - November 11, 2004

• Forestry Resource Conservation Needs in the Russian Far East , Gordon, David
  From US-Japan Cooperation in the Sustainable Development of the Russian Far East, Conference Proceedings, Monterey, California, April 14-15, 2000. Edited by Tsuneo Akaha. Center for East Asian Studies, September 20, 2000.
  gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/200008Gordon-Forestry.pdf - September 29, 2004

• Global Change Studies at the Far EAst: Abstracts of Workshop, September 1-4, 1997, Vladivostok, Russia , Russian Natinal Committee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
  The book comprises abstracts of the second workshop organized by the Far East Branch of the National Committee of IGBP, Russian Academy of Sciences at the Institute of Marine Biology, FEB RAS, Vladivostok. Abstracts deal with different aspects of global changes at the Far East, e.g., present-day climatic and environmental changes, Holocene paleogeographic changes, and anthropogenic modifications of nature.
  igbp-rnc.dvo.ru/e_page_009.htm - November 18, 2004

• Global Change Studies in the Far East: Abstracts of Workshop, Sept. 11-15, 2000 , Lutarenko, K.A.
  The book comprises abstracts of the fourth workshop organized by the Far East Branch of the National Committee for IGBP, TEACOM and the Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS. Abstracts deal with various aspects of global changes in the Far East including climatic and environmental changes, Quaternary changes, and anthropogenic influences to ecosystems.
  igbp-rnc.dvo.ru/e_page_010.htm - November 18, 2004

• Reports of the Workshop on the Global Change Studies in teh Far East, Vladivostok, Sept. 11-15, 2000 , Russian National Committee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme
  The reports of the Workshop on the Global Change Studies in the Far East held by the Far East Branch, Russian National Committee for IGBP and Institute of Marine Biology FEB RAS are presented. The reports deal with long-term temperature changes in coastal waters of the Sea of Japan, duration of cold periods in the southern Russian Far East, technogenous coastal modifications, climatic assymetry of river valleys. Paleogeographical papers include studies on dynamics of ice cover of the Sea of Okhotsk during the Pleistocene-Holocene, Late Quaternary transgressions on Kurile Islands, Holocene climatic changes in Priamurye. Long-term changes of marine and lake ecosystems are described on the example of populations of mollusks, commercial fishes, polychaetes, Myxosporidia and plankton.
  igbp-rnc.dvo.ru/e_page_009.htm - November 18, 2004

• Transition to the Sustainable Forest Management Strategy in the Russian Far East Ecoregion in the 21 Century. , ed. Sheingauz, Alexander
  The workshop participants - representatives of ecological movement, business and science from five countries have considered in their presentations as well as in the round table discussion the issues of transition from exhaustible to sustainable forest use in one of the most important forest ecoregions of the world – Far Eastern. There were discussed opportunities to combine rational multiple use of forests with preserving their biodiversity; opportunities of sustainable (commercially profitable and ecologically safe) forest resources use in the South of the Russian Far East; current and prospective demand at forest markets for ecologically safe products and opportunities of their production; issues of forest certification;  mechanisms of transition to sustainable forest management.
  www.ecrin.ru/articles.asp?id=151 - November 11, 2004

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• Boxer, Baruch , Resources for the Future
  Visiting Scholar, Risk, Resource, and Environmental Management Division, Resources for the Future Geographic Regions: Northeast Asia, China Research Areas: energy, environment, public policy and administration, water policy development in China, water science
  www.rff.org/Boxer.cfm - December 1, 2004

• Earth Island Project Network , Earth Island Project Network
  Earth Island Institute (EII), founded in 1982 by veteran environmentalist David Brower, fosters the efforts of creative individuals by providing organizational support in developing projects for the conservation, preservation, and restoration of the global environment. EII provides activists the freedom to develop program ideas, supported by services to help them pursue those ideas, with a minimum of bureaucracy. The organization\'s projects include activities in the Russian Far East (Lake Baikal) and North Korea (advocacy campaigns).
  www.earthisland.org/projectdir/projectdir.html - March 23, 2005

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• East Asian Perspectives on the Environment , University of Calgary
  Focuses on traditional East Asian attitudes to the environment. Investigates the philosophical foundations, concrete measures arising from, and positive consequences of these attitudes. Outlines environmental problems in western nations, including more modern developments in East Asia, as a demonstration of the difficulty and need of contributing to restoration and preservation of the environment. Concludes with an examination of how traditional East Asian attitudes could potentially benefit the environment today.
  www.ucalgary.ca/pubs/calendar/current/what/courses/EAST.htm - March 29, 2004

• East Asian Perspectives on the Environment , University of Calgary
  This course focuses on traditional East Asian attitudes to the environment. Investigates the philosophical foundations, concrete measures arising from, and positive consequences of these attitudes. Outlines environmental problems in western nations, including more modern developments in East Asia, as a demonstration of the difficulty and need of contributing to restoration and preservation of the environment. Concludes with an examination of how traditional East Asian attitudes could potentially benefit the environment today.
  www.ucalgary.ca/pubs/calendar/current/what/courses/EAST.htm - March 29, 2004

• US-Japanese Cooperation in the Environmental Sector , Schreurs, Miranda and Madea, Cortney
  From US-Japan Cooperation in the Sustainable Development of the Russian Far East, Conference Proceedings, Monterey, California, April 14-15, 2000. Edited by Tsuneo Akaha. Center for East Asian Studies, September 20, 2000.
  gsti.miis.edu/CEAS-PUB/200012Schreurs-Madea.pdf - September 29, 2004

• US-Japanese Cooperation in the Resources Sector , Gordon, David
  From US-Japan Cooperation in the Sustainable Development of the Russian Far East, Conference Proceedings, Monterey, California, April 14-15, 2000. Edited by Tsuneo Akaha. Center for East Asian Studies, September 20, 2000.  
  - September 29, 2004

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• Climate variability and human activities in relation to Northeast Asian land-ocean interactions and their implications for coastal zone management , The Asia-Pacific Network for Global Change Research
  This APN project is an international research project that brings scientists together to study climate change related issues in Northeast Asia. The main objectives of the Project: 1) to identify estuarine and coastal changes in terms of hydrology, hydrochemistry, geochemistry, geomorphology, ecosystem and material cycling patterns of the Northeastern Asia region, with special reference to the Amur, Tumen and Razdolnaya Rivers; 2) to evaluate the sensitivity of regional changes in relation to anthropogenic processes and climate change; and 3) to provide recommendations to management of sustainable coastal development of the region and to provide assistance to policy/decision makers.
  wwwimb.dvo.ru/misc/apn/index.htm - September 30, 2004

• Dauvergne, Peter , Liu Institute for Global Issues
  Canada Research Chair in Global Environmental Politics and Associate Professor of Political Science, University of British Columbia. His research focuses on globalization and environmental theory in international relations, the international political economy of sustainable development, and the politics of environmental management in the Asia-Pacific.
  www.ligi.ubc.ca/about/index.cfm?fuseaction=bio&peopleID=9 - March 31, 2005

• FENU Research and Education Center for Basic Marine Biota Research , FENU Research and Education Center for Basic Marine Biota Research
  The work of the REC is closely tied to the unique geographical position of Vladivostok, which is the most important Russian outpost in the Asian-Pacific Region. Vladivostok is a city with a long history of academic scholarship and has a well-developed scientific infrastructure. There are a great number of research institutes, including the Institute of Marine Biology and the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, which are closely related to marine life research.
  marbio-www.dvgu.ru/index_frames.en.asp - September 30, 2004

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• Seminar: Managing the Urban Environment in Asia , Stanford University
  This graduate level course, taught by A/PARC visiting professor Douglas Webster, focuses on the identification of effective actions to address urban environmental issues in rapidly changing Asian regions. Urban systems are analyzed as human habitat, natural resource consumption systems, polluters, and drivers of development. The course includes case studies from Bangkok, Shanghai, Seoul, and Jakarta.
  aparc.stanford.edu/courses/680/ - September 21, 2004

• Environmental Law and Policy in Asia , Nomura, Yoshihiro; Sakumoto, Naoyuki ed.
  The volume discusses the issues of development, evolution, and enforcement in Asian Countries.ÊGeneral discussion is followed by the case-studies ofÊJapan, PhilippinesÊand Singapore.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Des/004.html - November 16, 2004

• Seminar: Managing the Urban Environment in Asia , Stanford University
  This course, taught by A/PARC visiting professor Douglas Webster, focuses on the identification of effective actions to address urban environmental issues in rapidly changing Asian regions. Urban systems are analyzed as human habitat, natural resource consumption systems, polluters, and drivers of development. The course includes case studies from Bangkok, Shanghai, Seoul, and Jakarta.
  aparc.stanford.edu/courses/680/ - August 22, 2004

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• Forest Resource Accounting , Koike, Koichiro; Fujisaki, Shigeaki
  The volume provides a set of case-studies of forest-resource management in Nordic countries and the ways in which the countries of Asia were trying to adapt the best practices.
  www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Des/002.html - November 16, 2004

• Russian National Committee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme , Russian National Committee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programma
  The official website of the Russian National Committee for the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme provides information about the work of the committee, publications, and upcoming conferences and events.
  igbp-rnc.dvo.ru/e_index.htm - September 30, 2004

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