Advanced Topics in Finance: Japanese Financial Management , University of Hawaii at Manoa
Major current financial issues and problems. (C) Japanese financial management; (D) portfolio management theory; (E) capital asset analysis; (F) stocks, bonds, and modern instruments. Pre: BUS 617 or consent.
www.catalog.hawaii.edu/courses/departments/fin.htm - September 18, 2004

Economy of Japan , George Wahington University
Analysis of Japanese economic institutions and their contribution to Japan's development.
www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/grd_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

Introduction to the Economy of Japan , George Washington University
Analysis of the structure and growth of the Japanese economy.
www.gwu.edu/~eastasia/courses/ug_desc.htm - August 12, 2004

Japanese Political Economy , Boston University
No course description at this site.
www.bu.edu/eas/courses.html - September 22, 2004

Liew, Leong , Griffith University
Associate Professor, Department of International Business & Asian Studies, Griffith University East Asian, especially Chinese and Japanese Political Economy International Business and Finance Applied Economic Modelling
www.gu.edu.au/school/gbs/ibas/staff/leong_liew.html - November 11, 2004

A Clash of Capitalisms: Foreign Shareholders and Coporate Restructuring in 1990s Japan , Ahmadjian, Christina L.; Robbins, Gregory E.
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This paper examines the conflict between stakeholder- and market-based business systems that resulted from an increase in foreign portfolio investment in the Japanese economy in the 1990’s. As foreign institutions, which were more interested in investment returns than in long-term relationships, replaced domestic shareholders, one of the fundamental pillars of Japan’s stakeholder capitalism began to crack, and Japanese firms began to adopt practices more characteristic of Anglo-American market economies. In an analysis of 1626 listed Japanese firms between 1990 and 1997, we found that foreign shareholders increased a firm’s propensity to downsize and divest assets. The effect of foreign shareholders was strongest among firms less integrated into the existing Japanese system—those with lower levels of shareholding by domestic corporations and financial institutions. There is little evidence that foreigners exerted pressure directly through shareholder activism. Rather, as firms’ resource dependencies shifted from domestic to foreign capital, their behavior shifted accordingly.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Adams, Gerard F. , Northeastern University
McDonald Professor, College of Business Administration, Northeastern University Geographic Regions: Japan, Thailand Research Areas: macroeconomics, growth, development, planning, fluctuations, quantitative economic methods and data, trade and economic relations, finance, foreign aid, investments, industry, agriculture, natural resources, energy and mineral issues.
web.cba.neu.edu/~fgadams/ - November 17, 2004

Aggarwal, Raj , Kent State University
Firestone Chair in Finance, Graduate School of Management Kent State University Geographic Regions: ASEAN, Northeast Asia, Japan, South Asia, India, Southeast Asia, Singapore, Thailand Research Areas: banking, business issues, economics, finance, foreign investment, financial institutions and markets, industry, management, political economy, technology transfer, trade and economic relations
business.kent.edu/dean/firestone/ - November 11, 2004

Alexander, Arthur J. , Japan Economic Institute
Arthur J. Alexander, President of the Japan Economic Institute in Washington, D.C. writes on topics such as Japan's civil aviation industry, Japanese technology, economic growth and international economic policy. Dr. Alexander holds a B.S. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology; a M.Sc. from the London School of Economics, and a Ph.D. in Economics from Johns Hopkins University.
jei.org/AboutJEI/About_staff.html - October 11, 2004

Aliber, Robert , University of Chicago
Professor of International Economics and Finance, University of Chicago Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: external impact of policies, finance, financial policy and practices, growth, international economics
portal.chicagogsb.edu/portal//server.pt/gateway/PTARGS_0_2_332_207_0_43/http%3B/portal.chicagogsb.edu/Facultycourse/Portlet/FacultyDetail.aspx?&min_year=20044&max_year=20053&person_id=151824 - November 11, 2004

Anchordoguy, Marie , University of Washington
Associate Professor, Chair, Japan Studies Jackson School of Interenational Studies, University of Washington. Courses: Readings in the Political Economy of Japan Japanese Business and Technology.
faculty.washington.edu/anchor/ - October 6, 2004

Anders, Gary Carson , Arizona State University West
Professor, School of Management, Arizona State University West Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: economics, business issues, competitiveness policies, firm microeconomics
www.west.asu.edu/icgca/ - November 11, 2004

Asako, Kazumi , Hitotsubashi University
Professor, Institute of Economic Research, Hitotsubashi University Specialization Macroeconomics, Japanese Economy Current Research: Macroeconomics and empirical analysis of the Japanese economy. He is currently involved in projects on monetary and fiscal policies, statistical issues in identifying business cycles, and the sustainability of government deficits. His other areas of interest include: accumulation of social overhead capital, global warming, and policy measures for increasing the population of younger generations.
www.ier.hit-u.ac.jp/English/research/member/asako.html - November 8, 2004

Asano, Yukihiro , Yokohama National University
Faculty of Business Administration Yokohama National University Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: finance, economics
www.business.ynu.ac.jp/kyoju/asano/index_e.html - November 11, 2004

ASEAN-Japan Competitive Strategy , Yamazaka, Ippei; Hiratsuka, Daisuke, ed.
IDE-JETRO and research institutes from ASEAN 5 plus Vietnam conducted a joint study. This volume analyses current status of ASEAN economies and Japan in terms of industrial competitiveness and presents tasks that each country has to tackle for industrial upgrading.
www.ide.go.jp/English/Publish/Books/Sympro/023.html - November 16, 2004

Asia Pacific Fusion: Japan's Role in APEC , Funabashi, Yoichi
Japanese journalist Yoichi Funabashi has written the first in-depth study of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) forum based on extensive interviews with heads of state and government officials in the region. A key force behind APEC, he argues, is a potential \"fusion\" of Asia-Pacific civilizations propelled by the region s dynamic economic integration. He recounts APEC s six-year history, assesses its potential, and examines the power politics of the region. Released just before the Osaka summit hosted by Japan in November 1995, this book looks closely at Japan\'s interests in APEC and its relations with countries in the region. It provides an intellectual framework for the future evolution of APEC itself and for Japan\'s role in that institution.
bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=21 - March 24, 2005

Baxter, James C. , International Research Center for Japanese Studies
Professor, International Research, Center for Japanese Studies Specialized Fields: Modern Japanese history Current Research Themes: Financial history; private-sector banks in modern Japan
www.nichibun.ac.jp/research/staff1/James_C_BAXTER1_e.html - February 24, 2005

Beagles, J.W. , Center for Strategic & International Studies
Senior Associate, Center for Strategic & International Studies, Washington, DC Expertise: U.S.-Japan relations, international trade and finance
www.csis.org/experts/4beagles.htm - March 31, 2005

Beechler, Schon K. , Columbia University
Associate Professor, School of Business ; director of the Senior Executive Program Professor Beechler is currently involved in two major research efforts. The first is a project to measure the impact of executive education training on the global strategic leadership and management competencies of global senior executives. The second is entitled “Organizational Competitiveness: Exploring the Roles of Human Resource Management and Organization Culture in Multinational Corporations,” and is funded by the National Science Foundation.
www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/faculty/beechler.html - January 17, 2005

Beresford, Martin D. , Nichibei Associates
President, Nichibei Associates, San Francisco Geographic Regions: Northeast Asia, Japan Research Areas: foreign investment, trade and economic relations
www.nichibeiamerica.com/pages/Beresford.html - November 17, 2004

Bienen, Henry S. , Northwestern University
President, Northwestern University Expertise: U.S.-Japan Policy
www.northwestern.edu/president/ - November 21, 2004

Bones, Bombs and Break Points , Davis, Donald R.; Weinstein, David E.
Note: In order to access the paper, select publications from the Menu on the left and choose Working Papers. We consider the distribution of economic activity within a country in light of three leading theories: increasing returns, random growth, and locational fundamentals. To do so, we examine the distribution of regional population in Japan from the Stone Age to the modern era. We also consider the Allied bombing of Japanese cities in WWII as a shock to relative city sizes. Our results support a hybrid theory in which locational fundamentals establish the spatial pattern of relative regional densities, but increasing returns may help to determine the degree of spatial differentiation. One implication of our results is that even large temporary shocks to urban areas have no long-run impact on city size.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

Branstetter, Lee , Columbia University
Associate Professor of Business, Finance and Economics Division He conducts research in the fields of international economics and industrial organization, with a special focus on the economies of East Asia, particularly Japan . He also maintains a strong interest in the economic analysis of technological innovation. His recent research papers have examined foreign direct investment, international technology diffusion and technology promotion policy.
www.columbia.edu/cu/weai/faculty/branstetter.html - January 17, 2005

Brinton, Mary C. , Harvard University
Reischauer Institute Professor of Sociology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Research interests: Gender stratification, labor market organization, education, economic sociology, and Japanese society. She is currently working on a comparative project on the high school-work transition in Japan and the U.S., based on original field research and data collection in Japan. The project uses historical materials, interviews with high school teachers, survey data from employers, and a variety of quantitative data to analyze how the Japanese school-work transition system operates and to assess it from the viewpoints of meritocracy and labor market efficiency.
www.wjh.harvard.edu/soc/faculty/brinton/ - November 10, 2004

Center on Japanese Economy and Business , Columbia University
Columbia University established the Center on Japanese Economy and Business at the Graduate School of Business in April 1986 under the direction of Professor Hugh Patrick. The central mission of the Center has been to enhance understanding of the Japanese and Asia Pacific economies and their business, financial and managerial systems. An important focus is on Japan's international economic and business relationships in bilateral, Asia Pacific regional and global contexts. The website contains director and staff biographies, events, sponsorships, publications, resources, annual report, faculty in print, and alternative investments.
www-1.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - January 18, 2005

CEO Compensation and Firm Performance in Japan: Evidence from New Panel Data on Individual CEO Pay , Kato, Takao; Kubo, Katsuyuki
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” studies on Japanese executive compensation have been constrained by the lack of longitudinal data on individual CEO pay. Using unique 10-year panel data on individual CEO’s salary and bonus of Japanese firms from 1986 to 1995, we present the first estimates on the performance sensitivity of Japanese CEO compensation. Specifically we find consistently that Japanese CEO’s cash compensation is sensitive to firm performance (especially accounting measures), and that the sensitivity of CEO’s cash compensation to ROA is 1.3 to 1.4, which is in general agreement with prior estimates elsewhere. As such, our estimates do not support that Japanese corporate governance is unusually defunct with regard to the significance and size of the sensitivity of CEO compensation to accounting profitability. On the other hand, to be consistent with the literature on Japanese corporate governance that tends to downplay the role of shareholders and stress the role of banks and employees, we find that stock market performance tends to play a less important role in the determination of Japanese CEO compensation. Finally, we find that the bonus system makes CEO compensation more sensitive to firm performance in Japan. The finding is in contrast to the literature on compensation for regular employees in Japan which often argues that bonus is a disguised base wage.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Changing Japanese Corporate Governance , Ahmadjian, Christina L.
Note: In orderÊ to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This paper examines the rhetoric and reality of corporate governance reform in post-bubble Japan. I argue that the process of corporate governance reform in Japan is neither one of convergence to a \"global standard\" nor one of inertia, and rather reflects the theme of permeable insulation taken up by other contributors to this volume. Japanese firms are increasingly adopting practices long associated with U.S. corporate governance: small boards, independent directors, and stock options. While these changes have attracted much publicity, they signify relatively little for corporate governance. Boards remain insider-dominated, and the authority of boards of directors vis a visÊthe CEO has been unchanged. Despite the spread of stock options, executiveÊcompensation is only minimally tied to the stock market, and disclosure of executive pay remains far from transparent.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

Choices for Japanese Fiscal Policy , Inoue, Kengo
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This essay will attempt to make a critical assessment of the debate and to put Japanese fiscal policy into some sort of perspective. In doing so, we look at specific arguments byÊ focusing on the following five headings which are examined in turn.Ê1. Has the effectiveness of fiscal policy been permanently eroded in recent years compared with earlier periods? 2. Does the neutrality theorem -which states rational people react to government fiscal policy in a way that offsets the policy thrust-apply in Japan? 3. Is the Japanese fiscal position so precarious that priority should be give to reducing the deficit? 4. Can there be any means to improve the way public expenditures are allocated? 5. Does an expansive fiscal policy delay necessary structural adjustments?
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Cole, Robert , Cole, Robert
Member of the East Asian faculty. Professor Cole's research interests include: Japanese work organization, quality, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational transformation.
www.haas.berkeley.edu/faculty/cole.html - February 22, 2005

Cole, Robert E. , University of California Berkeley
Professor Emeritus, Haas School of Business, Professor Emeritus, Department of Sociology, University of California Berkeley Research Interests: Japanese work organization, quality, organizational learning, knowledge management, organizational transformation.
ieas.berkeley.edu/faculty/cole.html - January 20, 2005

Corbett, Jenny , The Australian National University
Professor of Japanese Studies, Australia-Japan Research Centre, Australian National University Research interests/expertise The Japanese economy, particularly banking, macro-economic policy and corporate governance. Banking and financial crisis.
apseg.anu.edu.au/staff/jcorbett.php - October 6, 2004

Currencies and Politics in the United States, Germany, and Japan , Henning, C. Randall
International monetary coordination among the Group of Seven countries periodically falls into disrepair, due partly to the processes and institutions by which each government determines exchange rate and monetary policy. This study outlines the differences in how international monetary policy is made in the United States, Germany, and Japan, and examines how those differences complicate international policy coordination. The factors that affect exchange rate policymaking include inputs from the private sector, central bank autonomy, and the role of each country in the international system. Recommendations are made for institutional reforms that can improve cooperation. Particular attention is given to how the European economic and monetary union will affect monetary cooperation among the United States, Europe, and Japan.
bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=15 - March 24, 2005

de Brouwer, Gordon , The Australian National University
Professor, Asia Pacific School of Economics and Government, Australian National University Research interests/expertise Open-economy macroeconomics International finance Economies of Japan, Australia and East Asia Monetary policy and central banking International relations Current Projects Future Financial Arrangements to Support Development in East Asia Monetary policy and central banking in Australia and East Asia Japan economy International and regional financial architecture.
apseg.anu.edu.au/staff/gdebrouwer.php - October 6, 2004

Dekle, Robert , University of Southern California
Professor of Economics, East Asian Studies Center, University of Southern California Research Interests Professor Dekle studies international finance, open-economy and development, macroeconomics and the economies of Japan and East Asia.
www.usc.edu/assets/college/faculty/profiles/100.html - January 7, 2005

Destler, I.M. , University of Maryland
Professor; Director, Ph.D. Program & Director, Program on International Security and Economic Policy He is a scholar who specializes in the politics and processes of U.S. foreign policymaking. His American Trade Politics (Institute for International Economics and Twentieth Century Fund, third edition, 1995), won the Gladys M. Kammerer Award of the AmericanPolitical Science Association for the best book on U.S. national policy.
www.puaf.umd.edu/faculty/papers/destler/destler.html - November 27, 2004

Distribution Keiretsu, FDI and Import Penetration in Japan , Flath, David
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” An independent wholesaler with many different upstream suppliers is likely to be better at market coverage than if it were the subsidiary of just one supplier. But where wholesale efforts are focused on resolving externalities (by establishing and administering a directed marketing channel), efforts at expanding market coverage have greater marginal cost and will be commensurately retrenched, so independent wholesaling has a smaller payoff. This suggests that directed marketing channels?in Japan known as distribution keiretsu?are more likely than others to be headed by a primary wholesaler that is vertically integrated with the manufacturer. We demonstrate the empirical validity of this by showing that foreign direct investment in Japanese wholesaling is heavily concentrated in marketing channels with relatively high incidence of distribution keiretsu. These same marketing channels tend to have a slightly lower rate of import penetration which is indirect evidence that impediments to inward foreign direct investment still existed in Japan in 1997, our year of observation.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Downsizing and the Deinstitutionalization fo Permanent Employment in Japan , Ahmadjian, Christina L.; Robbins, Gregory E.
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This study examines the process by which the Japanese permanent employment system was increasingly deinstitutionalized and replaced by downsizing among publicly listed companies in Japan between 1990 and 1997. We found that although economic pressure triggered downsizing, social and institutional pressures shaped the pace and process by which downsizing spread. The greater a firm’s legitimacy and visibility, and the more it depended on organizations and institutions that supported the institution of permanent employment , the more hesitant it was to abandon that practice, even when it had much to lose financially. Specifically, large, old, and high-reputation firms were resistant to downsizing at first, as were firms with high levels of human capital, as reflected by high wages. In contrast, firms with high levels of foreign ownership were more likely to downsize. We found that these social and institutional pressures, however, diminished as downsizing spread across the population. We argue that this is due to a \"safety in numbers\" effect. As downsizing became more prominent, the actions of any single firm were less likely to be noticed and criticized. This is one of the first studies to concurrently examine social and economic influences on deinstitutionalization in a pooled data set. It responds to the call for \"longitudinal studies of institutional activities under conditions of declining performance\" (Oliver, 1992) and adds to the empirical research on deinstitutionalization and population level organizational change.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

Eco HST JAPAN 1850-Pres , Duke University
The economic achievements and problems of Japan in their historical and comparative context. The prewar and wartime economy; postwar and current issues. How economic development has transformed ordinary people's lives. Instructor: Partner
www.siss.duke.edu/schedule/0980/ECON/120/ - August 22, 2004

Economic Development of Japan , University of Hawaii at Manoa
Analysis of growth from Meiji period to present. Problems of population change, capital formation, income distribution, industrial structure.
www.catalog.hawaii.edu/courses/departments/econ.htm - September 18, 2004

Economic History of Japan , University of Pittsburgh
Between 1868 and the 1990s, the Japanese economy grew from a primarily agricultural one into a sophisticated modern industrial one. In 1868, the average Japanese was a poverty-stricken peasant; in the 1990s, his great -grand children had one of the highest standards of living in the world, complete with VCRs, cellular phones, up-to-date automobiles, laptop computers, world-class health care, and regular trips to London, Paris, New York and Hong Kong. The point of this course is to investigate how this remarkable transformation took place. In order to do so, we shall look at the early modern preconditions to economic change in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the beginnings of the process of modernization between 1868 and World War I, the successful rise of capitalism and its concomitant democracy in the 1920s, the world depression and the rise of militarism in the 1930s, the destruction of Japan's economy during World War II, and then Japan's "miraculous" recovery between 1945 and today. One of the major questions asked in the course will be to what extent did Japan become an economic power because of government guidance, and to what extent because of free market forces?
www.pitt.edu/~caswww/cdesc/ds043051/hist.htm#0401Modern%20East%20Asian%20Civilization - January 16, 2004

Economic Organization and Development of Japan , Columbia University
The course examines the growth and structural changes of the post-World War II economy; its historical roots; interactions with cultural, social, and political institutions; economic relations with the rest of the world.
www.sipa.columbia.edu/CourseDescriptions/index.html - September 23, 2004

Economic Regulation in Japan: Seminar , Harvard University
This seminar will both introduce students to Japanese economic regulation and train them to use Japanese-language legal materials. During the fall, students will read a variety of materials on Japanese regulation in both English and Japanese and begin their own research projects. During the spring, they will then lead a class discussion (and complete a paper) on their research subject. Students should have at least two years of language studies or the equivalent; the class is not open to native speakers of Japanese.
www.law.harvard.edu/academics/registrar/catalog/electives.html - August 24, 2004

Economics of Japan , University of Pennsylvania
The major characteristics of the Japanese economy. After a brief description of history, aspects of economic activities of the country will be examined: labor markets, financial markets, international trade, corporate decision making, etc., with special reference to comparison with the United States.Also analyzed are government policies including fiscal policy and taxation, monetary policy and, especially, industrial and trade policy.
ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - September 21, 2004

Economics of Japanese Legal Institutions (The) , Harvard University
In this course, we explore the legal structures that shape the Japanese political, economic, and social environments. Among the topics we address are the logic behind and the effect of: the organization of the legal services industry, the dynamics of adjudication and regulation, and patterns of finance and governance at Japanese firms. All readings are in English-we assume no knowledge of Japanese or of Japanese law. Although much of the analysis will be economic, we also assume no prior knowledge of economics. Because of the overlap between this course and Introduction to Japanese Law, students who received credit for that course may not register for The Economics of Japanese Legal Institutions.
www.law.harvard.edu/academics/registrar/catalog/electives.html - August 24, 2004

Economy Of Japan , Michener, Ronald
This course reviews Japan's economic development from the Tokugawa Era onward, and then explores different sectors and issues of the modern Japanese economy.
etg08.itc.virginia.edu/cod.pages/20043/ASF/ECON.html - August 26, 2004

Elder, Mark A. , Michigan State University
Assistant Professor of Political Economy,ÊÊMichigan State University Research Interests: Japanese and East Asian politics and political economy, comparative and international political economy, comparative economic policy making, comparative politics, business-government relations.
www.msu.edu/~elderm/ - October 20, 2004

Elements of the Development of the Japanese Raw Silk Industry: An Explanation by the NK Model , Togo, Ken
This paper seeks to explain the development of the Japanese raw silk industry through a comparison of three of its major silk producing areas: Suwa, Maebashi, and Usui. The study focuses on the systemic interrelationships between elements of technology, production structure, finance, and market technology. This study highlights the importance of coordination and institutions which strengthen complementarities between elements.
www.fasid.or.jp/english/publication/occasional/elements.html - November 16, 2004

Evolving Corporate Governance in Japan , Patrick, Hugh
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” Like the United States, managers of Japan\'s large companies since the early 1950s have had great autonomy because shareholding is dispersed. However most Japanese companies have a s significant portion of their shares stably held by other friendly financial institutions and businesses, a significant component of the integrated, synergistic \"postwar economic system\" embodied in the permanent employment system of industrial relations, the main bank systems, and management independence. Employees rather than shareholders are the main potential constraints, so managers have given strong priority to employee interests.ÊJapan\'s mediocre economic performance since 1991, and a range of publicized corporate scandals is now undermining this system. Government policies and public pressure have improved corporate disclosure and transparency, and have made corporate governance through capital markets feasible. While managers in the future will place greater weight on shareholder interests, only a few companies are likely to adopt the Anglo-American corporateÊgovernance model. More likely is the gradual development ofÊa hybrid approach in which management retainsÊconsiderable autonomy and employee interests remain important.Ê
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - February 28, 2005

Exchange Rate Fluctuations, Financing Constraints, Hedging, and Exports: Evidence from Firm Level Data , Dekle, Robert; Ryoo, Heajin
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.”Ê An important puzzle in internatio nal macroeconomics is the exchange rateÊ disconnectÊ puzzle. Nominal exchange rates seem to be unrelated to other macroeconomic variables,Ê for example, export quantities. This paper uses Japanese firm level data to examine whetherÊexchange rate fluctuations are strongly related to the export quantities of firms. We build a simultaneous nonlinear structural model with external financing costs, and estimate the model on 14 separate Japanese 4 digit level industries. We find that export volumes at the firm level are significantly affected by exchange rate fluctuations. We find higher elasticit ies of exports with respect to exchange rates than in previous work. Our results cast some doubt on the prevailing wisdom that exchange rates have no effect on trade. Finally, we find in our data that financing constraints play an important role in affecting the sensitivity of exports to exchange rate fluctuations. Firms that are less financially constrained -for example,Êkeiretsu firms- tend toÊhave lower exchange rate elasticities, which is consistent with our model.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Flath, David , North Carolina State University
Professor and Director of Graduate Program, Department of Economics, College of Management, North Carolina State University Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: economy, industrial organization, microeconomic theory
www.mgt.ncsu.edu/faculty/economics/dflath.html - November 17, 2004

Flynn, Michael S. , University of Michigan
Research Scientist, Transportation Research Institute, University of Michigan RESEARCH INTERESTS: Studies of the automotive industry, including industry structure, manufacturer-supplier relations, global strategies, market developments, information technology, technology and economic forecasts; comparisons of North American and Japanese companies and/or industries
websvcs.itcs.umich.edu/cjs/faculty/bio.php?personid=11 - February 18, 2005

From Cozy Regulation to Competative Markets: The Regime Shift of Japan's Financial System , Patrick, Hugh
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” The Japanese banking and financial systems are substantially along the transformation process of shifting from one regime to a new one. The “postwar” financial regime was characterized by extraordinary high priority placed by the Japanese regulators on financial system safety. To that end they restricted capital market development, and established the conditions in which no bank could fail: deposits and loans to business as the predominant financial instruments; wide interest rate spreads; no entry and no exit mechanisms; close, informal, opaque, administrative guidance by the Ministry of Finance with little disclosure, is what evolved into a cozy, collusive, nontransparent relationship between regulator and those regulated…in other words, the cliché “bank convoy system.” This protected system gradually dissolved once growth in the Japanese economy in the mid-1970s shifted from being supply constrained to inadequate aggregate demand constrained. With credit becoming easily available, deregulation began its very slow, piecemeal, gradual process, evolving to the new financial system regime today based in principle on open, free, competitive financial markets. The transformation was complicated and made much more expensive by the stock and urban real estate bubbles of the late 1980s, the bursting of which destroyed the collateral value of loans, compounded by Japan’s miserable economic performance of the 1990s. Today Japan’s financial system rates on highly competitive capital and loan markets, with Japanese financial institutions weak and engaged in consolidation, and many major foreign financial institutions as active players in many Japanese wholesale financial markets.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

Garnaut, Ross , Australian National University
Professor of Economics, Division of Economics, Australian National University Research Interests: China's economic reforms and internationalisation; Asia-Pacific economies' development and international economic relations; Australia's economic relations with the Asia-Pacific region; domestic economic adjustment to Asia-Pacific economic development.
rspas.anu.edu.au/people/personal/garnr_econ.php - January 23, 2005

Gerlach, Michael , University of California Berkeley
Associate Professor, Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley Research Interests: Japan, international business, strategy and policy.
ieas.berkeley.edu/faculty/gerlach.html - January 20, 2005

Greaney, Theresa , University of Hawaii at Manoa
Associate Professor of Economics, Faculty, Center for Japanese Studies, University of Hawaii at Manoa Recent Publications: "An Analysis of Japan's Changing Import Behavior." In Japan's Economic Recovery: Commercial Policy, Monetary Policy, and Corporate Governance "Do US-Japan Bilateral Trade Agreements Affect International Trade?" "Promoting Imports to Appease Trade Partners: Japan's New Trade Policies." "Assessing the Impacts of US-Japan Bilateral Trade Agreements, 1980-1995."
www.hawaii.edu/cjs/faculty.html - October 13, 2004

Hagen, James A. , Cornell University
Professor, Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University Professor Hagen's research centers on inter-firm relations, especially factors that enhance or limit trust. He also combines his trust scholarship with the study of foreign market entry. A case study he wrote on the role of trust in entering the Japanese market is one of the most widely used case studies at business schools around the world. Hagen's international research focuses largely on Japan, where he has lived, and other parts of Asia.
aem.cornell.edu/profiles/hagen.htm - December 26, 2004

Hamada, Koichi , Yale University
Professor of Economics, Economic Growth Center, Yale University Geographic Regions: Northeast Asia, Japan Research Areas: economics, finance, foreign investment, foreign relations, intellectual property rights, international monetary reform, international trade, law, political economy
www.econ.yale.edu/faculty1/hamada.htm - November 27, 2004

Hamao, Yasushi , University of Southern California
Professor, Department of Finance and Business Economics, University of Southern California Dr. Yasushi Hamao, associate professor of finance and business economics, is actively involved in research in international finance, especially on Japanese and Asia-Pacific financial markets and corporate finance.
www.marshall.usc.edu/web/FBE.cfm?doc_id=1403 - January 7, 2005

Has Japan's Innovative Capacity Declined? , Nakamura, Yoshiaki
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” This paper examines Japan\'s R&D performance since the early 1980s using several complementary modes of analysis. First, we examine evidence from aggregate economic statistics concerning changes in Japanese corporate R&D. Second, we analyze comprehensive data on R&D inputs and outputs for a panel of nearly 200 Japanese firms. Microeconometric analysis of this data set allows us to examine where any downturn in R&D activity is concentrated, what Japanese firms are themselves doing to rectify the downturn in performance, and what effects these steps have had to date. Third, we relate the results of interviews with corporate R&D managers and informed industry observers concerning their perceptions of changes in Japanese innovative capacity and the reasons for these changes. We find evidence, at the micro level and the aggregate level, of a slowdown in the growth rate of Japanese research productivity in the 1990s.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Hashimoto, Masanori , Ohio State University
Professor and Chairman, Department of Economics, Ohio State University Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: labor markets, human capital
www.econ.ohio-state.edu/Nori/nori.html - November 17, 2004

Hayashi, Ryouzo , Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry
After having a distinguished career with the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of JapanÊ(MITI), Mr. hayashi is currently a consulting Fellow of the Research Institute of Economy, Trade and Industry (RIETI).
www.rieti.go.jp/users/hayashi-ryozo/index_en.html - October 21, 2004

Helleiner, Eric , Trent University
Associate Professor Department of Political Studies Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: political economy, finance
www.trentu.ca/politics/faculty/helleiner.htm - November 21, 2004

Hutchison, Michael M. , University of California Santa Cruz
Interim Dean of Social Sciences and Professor of Economics at the University of California, Santa Cruz Dr. Hutchison's research centers on topics related to international finance and open economy macroeconomics, including exchange rate regimes, international banking and financial systems, Japanese monetary and financial policies, and the economics of European economic integration. His most recent work is on the costs of financial crises, the effects of IMF programs and the effectiveness of official foreign exchange market intervention.
econ.ucsc.edu/~hutch/ - October 27, 2004

Idiosyncratic Risk and Creative Destruction in Japan , Hamao, Yasushi; Mei, Jianping; Xu, Yexiao
Note: In order to access the paper, select Publications from the Menu on the left and choose Working Papers. The dramatic rise and fall of the Japanese equity market provides us with a unique opportunity to examine market-and firm-specific risks over different market conditions. Contrary to the U.S. experience, we document a surprising fall in firm-level volatility and turnover in Japanese stocks after the market crash. Accordingly, correlations among individual stocks have increased and the number of stocks needed to achieve a given level of diversification has declined. As a consequence, we suggest that it has become more difficult over the past decade for both investors and managers to separate high-quality from low-quality firms, making the Japanese market less efficient. Moreover, changes in firm-level volatilities are positively related to corporate bankruptcies, indicating that improvements in information efficiency occur when regulations on corporate bankruptcies are relaxed. These results suggest that the sharp fall in firm-level volatility during the 1990-1996 period could be due to a lack of corporate restructuring. This is more evident for firms with business group and main bank affiliations, whose firm-level volatility is less dependent on economic conditions than that of firms with no affiliations. Thus, we argue that a lack of "creative destruction" may have led to Japanese market inefficiency and a vicious cycle of capital misallocation.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Inflation Targeting Discussions in Japan - unconventional monetary policy under deflation: How People Have Argued; Why the BOJ Opposes Adoption , Fujiki, Minako
Inflation targeting has been adopted by many centralÊbanks all over the world, and has brought about the successful result of reducing inflation rates and enhancing the central bank’s independence, transparency and accountability. Could this regime also effective work in Japan, whose economy has been suffering from deflation, by creating inflationary expectations? Krugman\'s suggestion in 1998 that Japan introduce as unconventional monetary measure to get out of a liquidity trap by fueling inflation triggered the debate about inflation targeting. A number of economists, policymakers, journalists and central banker both inside and outside Japan have hotly argued the policy and their opinions range from the mundane to the esoteric. This paper seeks to examine both sides of the inflation targeting argument and tries to sort through the confusing discussions.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - February 28, 2005

Inoki, Takenori , International Research Center for Japanese Studies
Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Japan Specialized Fields: Labor economics; Japanese economy; history of economic thought Current Research Themes: Comparative studies on bureaucracy, human resource development of white collar workers
www.nichibun.ac.jp/research/staff1/INOKI_Takenori2_e.html - February 24, 2005

Introductory Course to the Japanese Economy , Lincoln, Edward J.
The course is a basic introduction to the Japanese economy, with a focus on contemprorary institutions and issues.
www.sais-jhu.edu/programs/asia/asiaoverview/readinglists/japanreadinglists/JapneseEconomyLincoln.pdf - September 20, 2004

Is Foreign Direct Investment a Channel of Knowledge Spillovers? evidence from Japan's FDI in the U.S. , Branstetter, Lee
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” Recent empirical work has examined the extent to which international trade fosters international \\\"spillovers\\\" of technological information. FDI is an alternate, potentially equally important channel for the mediation of such knowledge spillovers. I introduce a framework for measuring international knowledge spillovers at the firm level, and I useÊthis framework to directly test the hypothesis that FDI is a channel of knowledge spillovers for Japanese multinationals undertaking direct investments in the United States. Using an original firm-level data set on Japanese firms’ FDI and innovative activity, I find evidence that FDI increases the flow of knowledge spilloversÊ both from and to the investing Japanese firms.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 2, 2005

Janow, Merit E. , Columbia, University
Professor in the Practice of International Trade, Director of the Master of International Affairs (MIA), Director, Program in International Economic Policy, Co-director, APEC Study Center    She has a unique international career that spans academia, government and business. Her background combines international trade and antitrust law and policy with extensive international experience, particularly in the Asia-Pacific region. She grew up in Tokyo Japan, and speaks Japanese.
www.columbia.edu/cu/sipa/RESEARCH/bios/mj60.html - January 31, 2005

Japan and the Pacific Rim: Developmental Perspectives , University of Pennsylvania
Examination of the economic trends and resulting social changes in the countries of the Pacific Rim. It focuses on the effects of globalism, especially in the urban environment.
ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - January 5, 2005

Japan Financial Report , Fukao, Mitsuhiro; Harada, Nobuyuki
The report discusses the Profitability of Japanese Industries: Non-financial Sectors, Banks and Life-Insurance Companies.
www.jcer.or.jp/eng/ - November 18, 2004

Japan's Economy in the New Century: A New Vision for Growth , Miyagawa, Tsutomu; Ito, Yukiko
In order for Japan to liberate itself from these recurring crises, the country needs not only a short-term policy, but and medium to long-term vision of economic growth. If Japan can undergo a structural reform that will make efficient use of its accumulated stock of R&D and social capital, under a continuous environment of a depreciating yen, then Japan will grow at an average rate of 1.6% per year by the year 2025. A surplus will be attained in the primary balance in 2011, due to the reduction in public investment and srastic reform in the social security sector on the fiscal scale.
www.jcer.or.jp/eng/ - November 18, 2004

Japan's Financial Crisis and Its Parallels to US Experience , Posen, Adam; Mikitani, Ryoichi
Japan is only one of many industrialized economies to suffer a financial crisis in the past 15 years, but it has suffered the most from its crisis—as measured in lost output and investment opportunities, and in the direct costs of clean-up. Comparing the response of Japanese policy in the 1990s to that of US monetary and financial policy to the American Savings and Loan Crisis of the late 1980s sheds light on the reasons for this outcome. This volume was created by bringing together several leading academics from the United States and Japan—plus former senior policymakers from both countries—to discuss the challenges to Japanese financial and monetary policy in the 1990s. The papers address in turn both the monetary and financial aspects of the crisis, and the discussants bring together broad themes across the two countries’ experiences. As the papers in this Special Report demonstrate, while the Japanese government’s policy response to its banking crisis in the 1990s was slow in comparison to that of the US government a decade earlier, the underlying dynamics were similar. A combination of mismanaged partial deregulation and regulatory forebearance gave rise to the crisis and allowed it to deepen, and only the closure of some banks and injection of new capital into others began the resolution. The Bank of Japan’s monetary policy from the late 1980s onward, however, was increasingly out of step with US or other developed country norms. In particular, the Bank of Japan’s limited response to deflation after being granted independence in 1998 stands out as a dangerous and unusual stance.
bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=319 - March 24, 2005

Japan's Internal Debt , Beim, David
Note: In order to access the paper, select “Publications” from the Menu on the left and choose “Working Papers.” Does internal debt matter? Japan’s yen-denominated public debt now totals 140% of GDP, and this number continues to rise rapidly. What constraints will this growing debt finally encounter? I argue that finance can postpone but not eliminate payments owed by the government to the private sector. The combination of continuing Keynsian budget deficits, bleeding banks, over-leveraged municipalities and massive pension liabilities will ultimately bring into question the credibility of the government’s many promises. The result could be a massive issuance of new currency.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - March 1, 2005

Japan's International Trade and Technology , Yoshida, Phyllis Genther
The course examines Japan's emergence as one of the world's most advanced economies.  It provides a foundation for understanding Japan's science, technology and trade policies, and effectively applying that understanding to current policy issues.  It highlights how Japan responded to economic and technological challenges and, in turn, how the United States altered its perception of its own global competitiveness to address Japan's challenge.
icp.gmu.edu/course/syllabi/00sp/718.htm - September 21, 2004

Japanese Economic Development , University of Alberta
No course description at this site.
www.arts.ualberta.ca/~eastasia/course_offerings.htm - September 22, 2004

Japanese Economy , University of Pennsylvania
The purpose of this six-week mini-course is to provide students with a basic but comprehensive understanding of main features of the contemporary Japanese economy and its relations with the United States. The course will cover most important issues such as persistent external imbalances, high yen/weak dollar, the hollowing-out of Japanese manufacturing, banking crisis in Japan, business practices, FDI-trade linkages, etc.
ccat.sas.upenn.edu/ceas/eacourses.html#Description - January 5, 2005

Japanese Economy and Economic Policy , Fujii, Eiji
This course is designed to introduce students to the operation and management of the Japanese economy and its impact on Australia and the Asia-Pacific region. Stress will be given to the analytic and policy interest in the operation and management of an economic system built on different social and institutional foundations from that of our own and the interaction between the Japanese economy and other economies, particularly the Australian economy.
ecocomm.anu.edu.au/courses/course.asp?code=ECON2008 - August 5, 2004

Japanese Economy and Economic Policy , Fujii, Eiji
This course will introduce students to the operation and managment of the Japanese economy and its impact on the interational economy, including Australia and the Australia-Pacific region. Stress will be given to the analytic and policy interests in the operation and management built on different social and institutional foundations from those in Australia.
ecocomm.anu.edu.au/courses/course.asp?code=ECON8008 - August 5, 2004

Japanese Industrialization and Economic Growth , Mosk, Carl
Japan achieved sustained growth in per capita income between the 1880s and 1970 through industrialization. Moving along an income growth trajectory through expansion of manufacturing is hardly unique. Indeed Western Europe, Canada, Australia and the United States all attained high levels of income per capita by shifting from agrarian-based production to manufacturing and technologically sophisticated service sector activity. Still, there are four distinctive features of Japan\'s development through industrialization that merit discussion: proto-industrial base, investment-led growth,Ê and total factor productivity growth. The author analizes these stages and provides a useful analytical framework for understanding Japan\'s industrial development. Ê
eh.net/encyclopedia/?article=mosk.japan.final - March 3, 2005

Kato, Takao , Colgate University
Professor and Presidential Scholar, Department of Economics, Colgate University Geographic Regions: Japan Research Areas: labor market, industrial relations, human resource management
people.colgate.edu/tkato/ - November 17, 2004

Kato, Tetsuro , Hitotsubashi University
Professor of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences, Hitotsubashi University Geographic Regions: Japan, Germany, Russia Research Areas: political economy, economics, modern history, politics (domestic issues)
www.ff.iij4u.or.jp/~katote/Home.shtml - November 28, 2004

Katz, Richard , The Oriental Economist
Richard Katz is the Editor-in-Chief of The Oriental Economist Report (TOE), with responsibility for coordinating the newsletter's coverage of the Japanese economy. He is also a special correspondent for the Weekly Toyo Keizai, a leading Japanese weekly business magazine published by Toyo Keizai. A veteran journalist, Mr. Katz has been writing about Japan and US-Japan relations for 25 years. His articles have appeared in both Japanese and American national publications. For several years, Mr. Katz was a Visiting Lecturer in Economics at the State University of New York (SUNY) at Stony Brook.
www.orientaleconomist.com/staff_katz.html - November 10, 2004

Kawaguchi, Hiroshi , Waseda University
Professor, Department of Economics, Waseda University, Japan Research Interests: History of Japanese economic activity and thought
www.waseda.jp/seikei/english/faculty/pages/kawaguchi-hiroshi-e.html - January 15, 2005

Kawahito, Kiyoshi , Middle Tennessee State University
Professor of Economics and Director Japan-U.S. Program,  College of Business, Middle Tennessee State University Geographic Regions: Japan, US-Japan comparative education systems Research Areas: economic relations with US, business practices
www.mtsu.edu/~kawahito/ - November 17, 2004

Kawakatsu, Heita , International Research Center for Japanese Studies
Professor, International Research Center for Japanese Studies, Japan Specialization: Comparative socio-economic history
www.nichibun.ac.jp/research/staff1/KAWAKATSU_Heita2_e.html - February 24, 2005

Keio Frontier Research & Education Collaborative Square (K-FRECS) , Keio University
Innovation is essential to society, and to promote new approaches K-FRECS was established in 2001 at three Keio locations: the Shin-Kawasaki Town Campus of Keio, the Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (TTCK) in Yamagata Prefecture, and at the Nowton Court Campus of Keio (NCK) in the United Kingdom. It is at these locations where the various faculties of Keio University can come into direct contact with the local community. Under the auspices of both local industry and government, Keio University\'s superior academic and human resources are applied to leading-edge research activities in the form of collaboration that transcends the traditional barriers that surround academia.
www.keio.ac.jp/05/07.html - November 11, 2004

Lim, Linda , University of Michigan
Professor of Corporate Strategy and International Business, School of Business, University of Michigan RESEARCH INTERESTS: Japan\'s economic relations with Southeast Asia
websvcs.itcs.umich.edu/cjs/faculty/bio.php?personid=23 - February 18, 2005

Limitations and Side Effects of Using Fiscal Policy to Adjust Business Cycle: Lessons from Japan*1 , Zhang, Shuying
The discussion paper is made up of three parts. The first part covers the perios after World War II. It analyses the fiscal policy of Japan regarding adjusted business cycle, examining its policy basis from a historical perspective. The second part analyses public finance and how it had an adjusted effect on prosperity in Japan. The third part analyses the economic side-effects of the public investment.
www.cass.net.cn/chinese/s30_rbs/english/publication/zhangsy-e1.htm - November 9, 2004

Lincoln, James R. , University of California Berkeley
Professor, Haas School of Business, University of California Berkeley Research Interests: International business and management, particularly Japanese management; organizational design, interorganizational networks, organizational theory and research methods; labor and industrial relations.
ieas.berkeley.edu/faculty/lincoln.html - January 20, 2005

Masahiko, Aoki , Stanford, University
Henri and Tomoye Takahashi Professor of Japanese Studies (Emeritus), Stanford University Research Interests: The theory of the firm, Japanese economy, comparative economic institutions. Current Research: Why do different institutional arrangements develop in different economies and what are their implications?
www-econ.stanford.edu/faculty/aoki.html - October 6, 2004

McKinney, Joseph A. , Baylor University
Professor of International Economics,Department of Economics, Baylor University Research Areas: business issues, development, economics, international trade policies, regional economic cooperation, trade and economic relations, US policy toward
business.baylor.edu/Joe_McKinney/ - November 3, 2004

Measuring the Costs of Protection in Japan , Sazanami, Yoko; Urata, Shujiro; Kawai, Hiroko
This is the companion volume to Gary Clyde Hufbauer and Kimberly Ann Elliott\\\'s Measuring the Costs of Protection in the United States (1994). It assesses Japanese trade barriers by identifying price differentials between imports and their (imperfect) domestic substitutes and then calculating the welfare effects of the implied trade barriers. The authors find that import barrier in place in 1989 cost Japanese consumers $105 billion, about 3.6 percent of GNP. If all such barriers were removed, Japanese imports could increase by $47 billion. The authors believe that the cost of import protection has increased in recent years. The book contains an overview chapter which describes parallels and differences in the US and Japanese structures of protection and compares the aggregate results.
bookstore.iie.com/merchant.mvc?Screen=PROD&Product_Code=32 - March 24, 2005

Milhaupt, Curtis , Milhaupt, Curtis
Curtis J. Milhaupt is the Fuyo Professor of Law and director of the Center for Japanese Legal Studies at Columbia Law School. He holds a B.A. from the University of Notre Dame and a J.D. from Columbia Law School, where he was a Harlan Fiske Stone Scholar and an editor of the Columbia Law Review. Prior to joining the Columbia Law School faculty in 1999, Professor Milhaupt practiced law in New York and Tokyo, principally in the areas of mergers and acquisitions and international finance, and began his academic career at Washington University in St. Louis. Professor Milhaupt has served as visiting professor of law at University of California at Los Angeles, visiting scholar at the Bank of Japan Institute for Monetary and Economic Studies, and Japan Foundation Fellow at the University of Tokyo. He has also served as a member of an international team of scholars advising on Korean unification, where he was responsible for designing a privatization plan for North Korean state-owned enterprises. His principal areas of research interest include comparative corporate governance; financial regulation; Japanese law, particularly corporate and banking law; law and economics; and institutional economics. Professor Milhaupt has written on a broad range of comparative law topics, including venture capital, deposit insurance, and organized crime, and is coauthor of Japanese Law in Context: Readings in Society, the Economy, and Politics. Professor Milhaupt published \"On the (Fleeting) Existence of the Main Bank System and Other Japanese Economic Institutions\" in Law and Social Inquiry (spring 2002). He is currently editing a volume entitled Global Markets, Domestic Institutions: Corporate Law and Governance in a New Era of Cross-Border Deals (forthcoming, Columbia University Press, 2003). This volume grew out of a major project he directed, which included two conferences on corporate governance held at the Law School in 2001-2002, culminating in a major public conference that drew corporate and finance scholars, practitioners, and policymakers from around the world.
www2.gsb.columbia.edu/japan/ - February 28, 2005

Motono, Eiichi , Waseda University
Professor, Department of Economics, Waseda University, Japan Research Interests: Socio-economic history of Asia History of Sino-British relations Sino-Japanese relations
www.waseda.jp/seikei/english/faculty/pages/motono-eiichi-e.html - January 15, 2005

Mun, Se-il , Kyoto University
Associate Professor, Graduate School of Economics, Kyoto University Research Interests: Urban Economics, Transport Policy
www.econ.kyoto-u.ac.jp/~mun/ - February 17, 2005

Nakamura, Masao , Sauder School of Business
Dr. Nakamura is Chair and Professor of Konwakai Japan Research as part of the Institute of Asian Research at the University of British Columbia. His research and teaching interests include Japanese and Asian economies and he has published numerous books and articles concerning international business issues and economies in Asia.
pacific.commerce.ubc.ca/nakamura/ - October 22, 2004

Nakamura, Osamu , International University of Japan
Associate Professor, International Relations Progtram International University of Japan Research Interests: 1) Productivity in the geriatric economy in Japan 2) Income distribution and economic growth 3) Decentralized systems and sustainable economic growth in the Japanese regional economies.
www.iuj.ac.jp/web/iuj_section.cfm?item=130807 - October 6, 2004

Okuno-Fujiwara, Masahiro , Tokyo U